Edema
This side of the heart, when failing, typically causes pulmonary edema?
Left side
What type of drug is furosemide?
What is cardiac output?
This midline groove on the external nose is commonly used for ID in bovines ?
Philtrum
Where is the larynx located in relation to the tongue and trachea?
casual to the tongue and cranial to the trachea
What system helps remove excess interstitial fluid and prevents edema?
Which potassium-sparing diuretic is used in CHF?
Spironolactone
What is decompensated heart failure
Heart failure where compensatory mechanism fail and output remains inadequate
This sinus in horses connects the dorsal nasal concha and frontal sinus
Conchofrontal sinus
Which cartilage has prominent rostral and caudal horns
Thyroid cartilage
What type of pressure drives fluid out of there capillaries into the interstitial space and contributes to edema when elevated ?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
What electrolyte change helps increase contractility with digoxin?
Increased intracellular calcium
What is the downside of contained fluid retention in severe heart damage ?
pulmonary edema and heart overstretching
This nerve runs near the guttural pouch and, if damaged, can affect tongue movement?
Which intrinsic muscle adjusts vocal fold tension for phonation?
Cricothyroideus muscle
Severe burns can lead to edema by causing loss of what from the vasculature ?
proteins
What type of enzyme does pimobendan inhibit to cause vasodilation ?
Phosphodiesterase
Why does exercise intolerance occur in compensated heart failure ?
cardiac reserve is reduced
Pharyngeal diverticulum
What is a potential treatment for aryepiglottic fold collapse in horses?
Laser surgery
Protein-losing enteropathy due to intestinal lymphagiectasia results in this triad: hypoalbuminema, lymphopenia, and ?
hypocholesterolemia
Why are vasodilators used in CHF?
reduce systemic vascular resistance and improve forward flow
Blocking which receptors impairs early compensation ?
Alpha1- adrengeric
The root of this upper tooth can project into the maxillary sinus, leading to sinusitis if infected
upper premolar ( or molar)
In which species does the soft palate only touch the epiglottis without lying underneath it ?
Dog