week 1: Typical Speech Sound Production
The place of articulation of the sound /r/.
What is alveolar?
The distinctive features of p.
What is +obstruent +labial?
The only type of sounds infants emit at birth, primarily nasalized vowels.
What is reflexive cry?
Banana to naena is an example of what process.
what is unstressed syllable deletion?
What is Organic Etiology?
The manner of production of the sound /j/.
What is glide?
The distinctive features of g.
what is +obstruent, +voice, +back?
What stops and affricates tend to replace in young children and why.
Fricatives because constriction is more difficult to produce than complete occlusion.
The three types of phonological processes.
What are syllable structure processes, substitution processes and assimilation processes?
A neuromuscular impairment resulting in a speech disorder. Difficulties with respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody.
What is dysarthria?
The voicing of the sound /n/.
What is voiced?
what are the distinctive features of f?
What are +obstruent, +continuant, +strident, +labial?
The age of Stark's canonical babbling stage and the most common syllable structures used.
What is 6+ months and cvc or cvcv?
The phonological process described by changing soap to /toup/.
What is stridency deletion?
The location of a motor lesion that causes flaccidity, hyper-nasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission and breathiness.
What is lower motor neuron lesion?
The syllable tree (onset, nucleus, coda) for the word pancake.
syllable 1:
Onset: p
rhyme: nucleus: ae coda: n
syllable 2:
onset: k
rhyme: nucleus: e coda: k
The distinctive features of m.
What are +sonorant, +voice, +nasal, +labial?
The four broad phases of acquisition.
What is
Phase 1: laying foundation for speech (birth to 1)
Phase 2: transitioning from words to speech (1-2)
Phase 3: growth of the inventory (2-5)
Phase 4: mastery of speech and literacy (5+ years)
The criteria for identifying the presence of a phonological process.
What is the specific error occurring in at least 4 instances and occurring in at least 20% of the items that could be affected.
Structures involved in complete cleft palate.
What is uvula, velum, hard palate, incisive foramen (opening in the bone of the nasopalatine [hard palate]).
The consonant position (ex: final, SFWF, Postvocalic) for the sound /m/ in farmer
What is medial, SFWW, prevocalic?
The distinctive features of j.
What are +sonorant, +continuant, +voice, +coronal?
The five stages of acquisition, and their timeframe, according to Oller.
What is
1. 0-1 month: quasiresonant nucleus stage
2. 2-3 months: coo and goo stage
3. 4-6 months: exploration/expansion stage
4. 7-10 months: reduplicated babbling stage
5. 11-14 months: variegated babbling stage
By the age of four, in typically developing children, these phonological processes should not be used any longer.
What is assimilation, FCD, stopping, fronting of initial velars and cluster reduction without s.
Three syndromes associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
What is down syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome and kabuki syndrome?