Weeks 1-5 Content

Week 1

100

This is the rate limiting enzyme in the production of nitric oxide for smooth muscle cell relaxation 

Nitric oxide synthase (NOSS)

200

This is a reason for radio-femoral delay (explain the physiology behind this phenomenon)

Coarctation of the aorta

• There is a narrowing of the aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery.
• The upper body receives blood before the narrowing, so radial pulses are relatively normal.
• Blood travelling to the lower body must pass through the narrowed segment (descending aorta)
• This slows transmission of the pressure wave and reduces flow to the lower limbs.
• Consequently, the femoral pulse is delayed and weaker compared with the radial pu

300

This is a term for the leakage of fluid and lipids from damaged vessels in the eye 

Macular Star 

400

This is a gap in the adductor magnus muscle that the femoral artery and vein passes through

Adductor hiatus 

500

The combination of these two anti-hypertensives places the patient at risk for a heart block

Verampril (non-dihydropyridine) and beta blocker

Week 2

100

This foetal opening allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

foramen ovale

200

This type of angina occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasm and responds well to vasodilators.

Prinzmental

300

ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF suggests infarction in this region of the heart.

Inferior region of the heart

400

During this week, paired heart tubes are brought together by embryonic folding to form a single heart tube

Week 3

500

A QRS complex wider than this duration is considered broad/pathological

120–200 ms / 0.12–0.20 s

Week 3

100

This occurs when the cardiac action potential is abnormally prolonged allowing membrane potential to "re-depolarise" before repolarisation is complete

Early afterdepolarisation 

200

This is a self-sustaining electrical circuit that repeatedly depolarises a region of cardiac tissue

Re-entry 

300

This occurs when the latent pacemaker initiates an impulse because the SA node has slowed

escape beat 

400

This class of antibiotics works by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunits of bacteria and blocking protein synthesis

Tetracyclines

500

This type of genetic testing shows gains and losses of material but does not show translocations or inversions

Microarray 

Week 4

100

These are macrophages with abundant cytoplasm and central round-to-avoid nuclei in which chromatin is deposited, seen in rheumatic heart disease

Anitschkow cells 

200

These are sterile vegetations so no organisms that are cultured when the valve is replaced and sent to histology

Verrucae  

300

A systolic murmur due to aortic stenosis most commonly results from this pathological process in elderly patients

Clacification

400

This protein is released by ventricular myocytes in response to increased wall stress and is used diagnostically in heart failure

BNP

500

This is a golden-brown pigment derived from haemoglobin breakdown contained in macrophages during chronic left-sided heart failure

Hemosiderin 

Week 5

100

These are the three muscles formed by the 1st pharyngeal arch and are responsible for chewing food

Masseter

Pterygoid

Temporalis 

200

This transporter is found on the apical membrane transports iodide from the follicular cell into the follicular lumen. 

Pendrin Transporter 

300

This is a condition in which immune cells infiltrate the tissues behind and around the eyes, causing inflammation and swelling

Infiltrative Opthalmopathy

400

This is a feature of grave's disease where sugar compounds build up under the skin 

Pretibial myxedema

500

This arch supplies a muscle that tauts the fascia of the cheeks? (what is the arch and what is the muscle) 

2nd pharyngeal arch and buccinator muscle