Chapter 27
What compound is only found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria?
LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
From most expansive to least expansive, what are the taxonomic units?
Domain --> Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
They secrete exoenzymes to digest food outside their bodies, and then they absorb those broken down nutrients.
Which stage dominates the life cycle of animals?
Diploid stage
What are the three shapes of bacteria (including name)?
Cocci = sphere
Bacilli = rod
Spirilla = helices
Which diseases are caused by kinetoplastids?
African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and Leishmaniasis
What are deuteromycetes?
Imperfect fungi are molds that lack a sexual stage.
Diploblastic species have ____ germ layers while triploblastic species have ____ germ layers.
two, three
How do chemoautotrophs obtain energy and carbon?
Energy from inorganic chemicals
Carbon from carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
You are observing unicellular protists in a sample of ocean water under a microscope. The protists are spinning around and have two flagella. What are you observing?
Dinoflagellates
Define mycosis and give an example.
Definition = a fungal infection on an animal/person
Examples = athlete’s foot, ringworm, lung disease
What is the difference between radial and bilateral symmetry?
Radial = multiple planes of symmetry can divide the organism through the center point
Bilateral = one plane of symmetry divides the organism into identical halves
Define the following terms: extreme thermophile, extreme halophile, and methanogens.
Extreme thermophile = archaea that live in very hot environments
Extreme halophile = archaea that live in very high salt environments
Methanogens = archaea that are poisoned by oxygen so they use CO2 to oxidize H2 into CH4 for energy
What is the difference between a definitive host and an intermediate host?
Parasites reproduce sexually in a definitive host, but parasites do not reproduce in an intermediate host.
What is the difference between lichens and mycorrhizae?
A lichen is an association between a fungi and a photosynthetic organism, but mycorrhizae are associations between fungi and plant.
What are the functions of a coelom?
Cushions organs so they stay still while the animals moves
Allows organs to grow/move without being connected to the body wall
Can aid in locomotion (only for certain species)