Emotion
Stress
Homeostasis
Biological Rhythms
Sleep
100
Arousal (high/low) and Valence (positive/negative)
What are the two major axes used to classify emotions?
100
Two major functions of the prefrontal cortex.
What are Emotion Regulation and Decision Making?
100
Behaviors and body processes that adjust to respond to changes in the environment in order to maintain homeostasis.
What is Allostasis?
100
Animals that are active during the day.
What are diurnal animals?
100
The stage of sleep where dreaming happens.
What is REM Sleep?
200
The phenomenon behind this situation: Jim walks over a very high and scary bridge with his friend Elana. When they get off the bridge, Jim notices that he feels a slight attraction towards Elana, even though he has never felt that way about her before.
What is the Spillover Effect?
200
The false belief that one's loved ones are impostors. Due to a severing of the connection between the visual cortex and the amygdala.
What is the Capgras Delusion?
200
Thirst caused by an excess of salt in the body fluids; regulated by osmoreceptors.
What is Osmotic Thirst?
200
A cue that keeps activity synchronized to the environment.
What is a zietgeber?
200
The neuropeptide that regulates switching between sleep states (people with narcolepsy have lost most of these neurons).
What is Orexin?
300
Sensory Organ --> Thalamus --> Sensory cortex/hippocampus (for memories) --> Amygdala
What is the high road of fear?
300
The more common drug used to treat anxiety.
What are SSRI's (Selective/Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?
300
Three major fluid compartments of the body.
What are Interstitial Intracellular Intravascular (blood plasma)?
300
Brain region that regulates one's endogenous clock.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus?
300
Type of sleep that facilitates the consolidation of Nondeclarative memory. (Bonus: type of sleep that facilitates the consolidation of declarative memory)
What is REM sleep? (Bonus: what is slow-wave sleep?)
400
This emotion theory highlights the importance of both physiological arousal and context to determining emotions.
What is the Schacter two-factor/cognitive theory of emotion?
400
The four major categories of anxiety disorders.
What are Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Phobic Disorder
400
1. Ghrelin and NPY 2. PYY and POMC
What are 1. Hormones and neurons that increase appetite. 2. Hormones and neurons that inhibit appetite.
400
Photopigment found in the ganglion cells.
What is melanopsin?
400
The four theories as to why we sleep.
What are 1. Conservation of Energy 2. Adaptation to the environment 3. Taking out the trash 4. Memory Consolidation
500
This woman didn't experience any fear due to a condition that calcified her amygdalae.
Who is patient S.M.?
500
Two major pathways of the stress response and the hormones they produce.
What are Hypothalamus  -> adrenal medulla -> epinephrine & norepinephrine Hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary -> adrenal cortex -> steroids (cortisol)
500
1. Hormone that turns glucose into glycogen for short-term energy storage. 2. Hormone that turns glycogen back into glucose for energy usage.
What is 1. Insulin 2. Glucagon
500
The path of light through the ganglion cells, to the thalamus, to the SCN.
What is the Retinothalamic tract?
500
The four interacting sleep systems and their functions.
What are: 1. The Hypothalamic System - coordinates other three systems. 2. The Basal Forebrain System - generates SWS 3. The Pontine System - triggers REM sleep 4. The Reticular Activating System - wakes the organism up.
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