West and the World 2

Napoleonic Period

100

When Napoleon became emperor of France in 1804, he shocked onlookers by doing THIS during the crowning ceremony - a total break with historical precedent.

Crowned himself, instead of the pope crowning him

200

Throughout the French Revolutionary/Napoleonic period, seven separate international alliances against France formed over the course of 26 years. England was the leading nation in almost every one, but Russia, Prussia, and Austria were members of many, too. The seven alliances were known as __________.

Coalitions

300

On the one hand, Napoleon wiped away many of the French Revolution's gains (democracy, abolishing slavery, increased rights for Women). On the other hand, he took full advantage of other changes. Can you name ONE?

-Advent of Meritocracy

-Abolishment of Nobility

-Full national mobilization "Levee en masse"

400

This 1815 battle spelled the final end of Napoleon. It has since been used to describe the "last stand" of a person's career.

Waterloo

500

Napoleon was exiled, twice to islands. First to Elba, from which he escaped. Finally, to __________ in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died in 1821.

St. Helena

People

100

He was a leading Enlightenment thinker, Founding Father of the United States and author of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

200

Early in the French Revolution, this leader opposed both war with Europe and the death penalty. Later on, however, when he came to dominate to the Committee of Public Safety, he championed both. His earlier opposition, uncompromising idealism and ruthless dedication to the Revolution made him both the committee's most influential member & the face of the Terror.

Robespierre

300

His book, Common Sense, circulated through the American colonies between 1775-1776. It was a leading factor in Americans pushing the Continental Congress to declare independence the following July

Thomas Paine

400

This Austrian born princess became the last queen of France prior to the Revolution. She was guillotined during the Reign of Terror in 1793

Marie Antoinette

500

This 

Adam Smith

Enlightenment Ideas

100

The Free Market economic system which has dominated Western Civilization (and now much of the world) for the past 200 years is often referred to by THIS, its other name

Capitalism

200

This Social Contract philosopher argued that once a people agreed to form a society (A "Social Contract"), only one force could be supreme, and it came 100% from the group members themselves. He called this force "The _____ ______ "

General Will

300

The American Founder Fathers generally believed that the rights outlined in the Bill of Rights – such as Freedom of Speech and the Right to Bear Arms – were derived from:

God or mankind’s Creator

400

These coffee-house style meeting spaces - often managed by educated women - were the places where intellectual philosophers generated, discussed and disseminated key ideas of the Enlightenment.

Salons

500

One of the three great Social Contract theorists opened his book with "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains."  That philosopher was

Rousseau

Scientific Revolution

100

He is considered the Father of Science. This English philosopher discovered Calculus, theorized Gravity and established the Three Laws of Motion

Sir Isaac Newton

200

Francis Bacon developed the earliest form of the modern "Scientific Method". In opposition to past eras, Bacon and his contemporaries argued that any theory can only be considered valid if proven by _______________ .

Experimentation

300

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, "science" was a branch of learning known as "natural philosophy". Like most disciplines, these natural philosophers worked within the constricting parameters of ancient authorities. In the West, these "authorities" fell into THREE categories. Name TWO.

Ancient Greek & Roman Philosophers

Scripture (Biblical writers)

The Church Fathers

400

Johannes Kepler's discovery that the planets in the Solar System revolved around the Sun in ____________ orbits, NOT perfectly round ones, was a symbolic turning point from Renaissance idealism to the experimentation-only-based methodology of the Scientific Revolution.

Elliptical

500

During the Scientific Revolution, many leading thinkers rejected mainstream Christianity. Although no prominent thinkers proclaimed outright atheism, many were Deists. Deists saw God in and agnostic light; a being who created the universe and then took a step back to watch his creation unwind. This conception of a higher power is known as "the ____________ God"

Watchmaker or Clockmaker

Surprise

100

The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when ___________ nailed 95 theses to a _________ door in Wittenberg, Germany.

Martin Luther, Cathedral

200

Jesus Christ lived during THIS period of Western history

The Classical (Roman Empire)

300

These FOUR European nations conquered the largest colonial empires in the Americas by the 1700s

Spain, Portugal, England, France

400

This economic system preceded Capitalism. Trade, resources and colonies were highly controlled by nation state governments who saw the world as a "zero sum game" of competition.

Mercantilism

500

King Louis XVI locked the deputies of the Estates General out of their meeting space at the beginning of the French Revolution as their democratic fervor became alarming. In defiance, the deputies met in the nearest available space and swore to never disband until France had a constitution. The event was called the 

Tennis Court Oath