founder of modern economics, wrote The Wealth of Nations, believed in laissez-faire
What is Adam Smith
100
wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia); dev. Universal law of gravitation that explained all motion in the universe
What is Isaac Newton
100
in model: planets and sun revolve at a stationary Earth in a circular orbit, stars are fixed in their pos.
What is Ptolemaic System
100
June 18, 1815; the Duke of Wellington led British and Prussian forces against Nap. (Nap. Lost)
What is Battle of Waterloo
100
the National Assembly seized all Church land (during the Fr. Rev.). All bishops and priests were elected by the people and paid by the Nat’l Assembly
What is Civil Con. Of the Clergy
200
wrote The Spirit of Laws, created the system of checks and balances
What is Baron de Montesquieu
200
wrote the Social Contract that explains a gov. needs to represent the ‘general will’ of the people and the people will rise up
What is Jean- Jacques Rousseau
200
published On the Motion of Heart and Blood; discovered that blood makes a complete circuit through the body
What is William Harvey
200
(First Estate) The Clergy- @ .5% of population, owned 10% land (2nd Estate) Nobility- @ 1.51 of pop. Owned 25% of land (3rd Estate) commoners- @ 98% of pop., owned 65% of land
What is Breakdown of French Population
200
1. Continued presence of archenemy GB 2. The rise of nationalism in Eur. Countries (who despised Nap.) 3. The disastrous Fr. Invasion of Russia (1811-12)
What is Collapse of Nap. Empire
300
system in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
What is Enlightened absolutisms
300
emperor of Austria, more receptive to Enlightenment ideals, abolishes serfdom and death penalty; allowed for religious toleration
What is Joseph II of Austria
300
“father of Modern Philosophy” and “father of Modern Rationalism”; wrote Discourse of the Method; “I think, therefore I am”
What is Rene Descartés
300
Storming of the Bastille, The Tennis Court Oath, Inequality of French Society, collapse of gov. finances
What is Causes of French Revolution
300
led by Robespierre, this 12-men committee was given tremendous power to squash all international threats in France
What is Comm. Of Public Safety
400
developed the scientific method, learned about nature by using inductive reasoning
What is Francis Bacon
400
to let alone, supported by French economic philosophers: physiocrats; the gov. should not get involved in the economy
What is Laissez-faire
400
wrote Treatise on Toleration; the universe was a clock created by God who wound it up and left it alone
What is Voltaire
400
Girondin Supporter; July 13, 1793: stabbed Jean- Paul Marat in his bathtub
What is Charlotte Corday
400
created by the Nat’l Assembly, it created the Legislative Assembly and allowed “active” citizens (over 25) the right to vote
What is Con. Of 1791
500
confirmed the planets were solid material, not orbs of light he discovered that there were mountains on earth’s moon, and moons revolving around Jupiter and sunspots
What is Galileo Galilei
500
female German astronomer; disc. a comet
Nicholas Copernicus- published On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres; created heliocentric (sun centered) model of solar system
What is Maria Winkleman
500
July 14, 1789; stormed by commoners, starting French Revolution. Royal armory and Prison in Paris
What is The Bastille
500
the most imp. Of the legal codes created by Nap; included Enlightenment ideals, yet women lost some rights
What is Civil Code
500
led combined British and Prussian forces at the Battle of Waterloo (1815). Defeated Nap. Forces