Category 1
Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine, kept Catholics loyal, to end corruption, led by Pope Paul the III.
Catholic Reformation
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.
democracy
The leader of the Muslims in the third crusade and captured Jerusalem in 1187.
Saladin
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.
humanism
A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.
Council of Trent
A document or physical object that was written or created during the time under study.
primary source
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.
feudalism
A deadly sickness spread throughout Europe in the 1340's by fleas on rats; also called the Black Death.
Bubonic Plague
A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations, people were becoming more invested with worldly things.
secularism
Invented the printing press.
Gutenberg
Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event.
secondary source
The selling of church offices.
simony
A document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.
magna carta
Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings, believed in predestination.
John Calvin
King of England in the 1500's, devout catholic(defender of the faith), wanted a divorce from his first wife because she didn't give him a son, he asked the pope to annul his marriage but he said no, he called parliament into session and kicked the pope out of power, changed the religion of England for personal/selfish reasons, became head of the Anglican church
Henry VIII
A government ruled by a king or queen.
monarchy
The claim of medieval popes that they had authority over all secular rulers.
papal supremacy
Years of the Renaissance and Reformation?
1300-1650's
95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
Martin Luther
This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of England.
Elizabeth I
A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.
aristocracy
Prejudice against Jews
anti semitism
The renaissance begins here because it was the center of ancient civilizations.
Italy
It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.
95 Theses
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558. She was the wife of Philip II of Spain and when she restored Roman Catholicism to England many Protestants were burned at the stake as heretics.
Mary Tudor