head of the Committee of Public Safety, known as “the Incorruptible” because of his honesty, ushered in a period in French History: the Reign of Terror, his death in July 1794 ended the “Reign”
What is Maximilien Robespierre
100
members from the 3rd Estate were locked out of a meeting of the Estates- General on June 20, 1789. They promised to meet until France had a new constitution and gov.
What is Tennis Court Oath
100
Russia withdrew from the Concert of Europe affairs for twenty years. Austria couldn’t maintain the balance of power in Europe affairs in Eur. Alone. This paved the way for Germany and Italian unification
What is Crimean War Effect on Europe
100
pol. Philosophy based on Enlightenment principles; belief that people should be as free as possible from gov. restraints
What is Liberalism
100
was the goal of the Congress of Vienna to restore the old Eur. Order disrupted by Nap. The principle stated that all Eur. Monarchs deposed by Nap. Would ne restored. However, some countries didn’t accept this decision
What is Principle of legitimacy
200
radical city gov. of Paris during the Fr. Rev., organized mob attacks against the LA, the LA collapsed soon thereafter, PC supporters: working people and the poor (in Paris), supported universal male suffrage
What is Paris Commune
200
consists of the right to vote to adult citizens as a whole
What is Universal suffrage
200
working conditions- many hours of work, unsanitary working areas, low job security, low wages, and women and children were paid less then men
What is Factory system
200
He developed the ‘germ theory of disease’ created a vaccine for rabies and anthrax. Developed the process of pasteurization
What is Louis Pasteur
200
ruled over GB from 1837-1901. Her reign was also as the Victorian Age in GB. She was known for her sense of duty and moral respectability
What is Queen Victoria
300
CPS supervised the arrest, prosecution and execution of 40K French citizens who opposed the FR
What is Reign of Terror
300
founder of the original Italian Liberal Party and Prime Minister of the kingdom of piedmont-Sardinia. He helped with the unification of Italy
What is Camillo de Cavour
300
led the creation of factories and the non- production of goods. Led the emergence of the middle and working classes. Cotton Cloth textiles were the first industry to be affected by the I.R.
What is Industrial Revolution
300
created by Darwin. Species of animals and plants evolve over time. Includes natural selection: species with valuable traits will survive and multiply, those that don’t will die off
What is Organic Evolution
300
came about in the mid-1800s, and was an artistic and intellectual movement that embraced the harsh realities of urban and industrial life. Realists rejected Romanticism and wanted to create contemporary, real-life characters (not exotic heroes from the past)
What is Realism
400
“ordinary people w/o fancy clothes”, supporters of the radical Paris Commune
What is Sans- Culottes
400
an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors. He published his theory of organic evolution in his 1889 book The Origin of Species
What is Charles Darwin
400
the emperor of the German Empire
What is Kaiser
400
James Watt improved the steam engine. It was used to power machinery during Ind. Rev.
What is Modified steam engine
400
He was a US engineer that built the first paddle-wheel steamboat (the Clermont). He built the first practical submarine called the Nautilus
What is Robert Fulton
500
a property tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles; the 1st and 2nd Estates didn’t have to pay it
What is Taille
500
wrote about the realities of the poor and industrial revolution. He wrote the Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, and Oliver Twist
What is Charles Dickens
500
Austria’s foreign minister that led the Congress of Vienna. He was guided by the ‘principle of legitimacy’
What is Klemens Von Metternich
500
addressed at the Congress of Vienna and meant to maintain Eur. Balances of power. The principle stated that countries had the right to intervene in other countries that had revolutions threatening Eur. Stability and monarchies