Jean Piaget
What are the four stages of the Theory of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor
- Pre-operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal Operational
A language in its complete form, without taking it apart into smaller pieces is considered what kind of approach
Whole Language Acquisition
This approach was developed by GEorgi Lozanov, and applied positive suggestion in teaching when it was developed in the 1970s. Physical surroundings and atmosphere in the classroom are the vital factors to make sure that "the students feel comfortable and confident"
Suggestopedia
A combination of multiple methods, this approach is based around the notion that successful language acquisition is based on a need to communicate real meaning
Communicative approach
The outcome of this court case set the standard for examining programs for ELL students. School districts in this country are required to take the necessary actions in order to provide students who do not speak English as their first language the ability to overcome the educational barriers associated with not being able to properly comprehend what is being taught to them.
Castaneda v Pickard (1978)
During this stage, the Theory of Cognitive Development states that from the ages of around 2-6 (or 7) years old, children learn to use language but do not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Pre-operational Stage
Focusing on transferring student's literacy skills independently is considered what kind of approach
Phonics or Skills-based Approach
This approach is a language-teaching method in which students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn
Community Language Learning (CLL)
In this approach, lessons are designed around the completion of tasks selected by students
Task-based Instruction
As a result of this Texas court case, public schools may not do the following:
- Deny admission to a student during initial enrollment or at any other time on the basis of undocumented status
- Treat a student differently to determine residency
- Engage in any practices to "chill" the right of access to school
- Require students or parents to disclose or document their immigration status
- Make inquiries of students or parents that may expose their undocumented status
- Require social security numbers from all students, as this may expose undocumented status
Pyler v. Doe (1982)
During this stage, the Theory of Cognitive Development asserts that people can begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Formal Operational Stage
A political movement for the use of only the English language in official United States government operations, through the establishment of English as the only official language in the US is considered what type of approach
English Only
This approach makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method, and uses Fidel charts, sound color charts, and Cuisenaire rods
The Silent Way
This approach involves the following three tiers:
1. Academic Development
2. Language Development
3. Cognitive Development
The Prism Model
The outcome of this case ensured that Mexican Americans and all other nationality groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment
Hernandez v. Texas
During this stage, between the ages of 6 (or 7) to 11 years old, the Theory of Cognitive Development states that children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Concrete Operational Stage
Based on the coordination of language and physical movement, this type of approach tests students by having them listen to and follow spoken commands that become increasingly more complicated.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
Grammar-Translation (Classical) Method
In a major victory for language minority parents and communities, this supreme court case struck down the state's restrictive legislation ruling in essence that state governments can't legally legislate the language used for instruction in schools
Meyers v. Nebraska (1923)
During this stage, from birth to about 2 years old, the Theory of Cognitive Development states that infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Sensorimotor Stage
This approach refrains from using the learners' native language, and is based on the principle that second languages should be acquired in much the same way as first languages
Direct/Natural Method
Also known as the Army method, this approach was developed to help Army personnel in WWII communicate with foreign soldiers and officers. Sometimes referenced as "Drill & Kill"
Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
This act mandates that all children with disabilities receive the highest standard of public education, free from discrimination and tailored to their unique learning needs; provides federal assistance to state and local educational agencies to guarantee that students with disabilities receive appropriate educational services (IEPs)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)