Popes
Pope who called for the Crusades
Pope Urban II
the Duke of Normandy who won the Battle of Hastings
William the Conqueror
monks who travelled to combat heresy
friars
Which crusade captured Jerusalem?
Heresy movement that led to the condemnation of contraception and abortion
the Albigensians
He sought to reduce imperial authority over the pope
Pope Alexander III
Emperor who drowned in the Third Crusade
Frederick Barbarossa
lay women who sought to live the monastic life
the Beguines
The crusade also known as the Crusade of Kings
the Third Crusade
Architecture characterized by high, thick stone walls
Romanesque Architecture
Institution created by the pope to try all matters of heresy
the Inquisition
English king who signed the Magna Carta
Monks who preached against doctrinal error
Dominicans
They became castle stewards and escorts and pilgrims and became wealthy bankers and moneylenders
the Knights Templar
Gothic Architecture
Conflict where clergy received their religious powers from the church
the Investiture Struggle
Eleanor of Aquitaine
lay people who decided to associate with the ideals of monastic life
Tertiaries
Crusade where the city of Constantinople was sacked by western knights
the Fourth Crusade
stories of this fabled king came out of the Court of Eleanor of Aquitaine
King Arthur
He practiced the doctrine of the plenitude of power
Pope Innocent III
He established an efficient bureaucracy in France
Louis IX
Monk who urged his follower to take a vow of poverty
Crusade where Saladin attacked Jerusalem
the Second Crusade
The Domesday Book