Architecture
What was the architectural style of the 11th and 12th centuries?
Romanesque.
What was the universal medieval language?
Latin.
What was the University of Bologna.
The first medieval university. Specialized in law.
Why did cities begin growing again.
The revival of trade
Who were the aristocracy?
Men of war and their families with a distinctive lifestyle and common ethos.
What was the architectural style of the 13th century?
Gothic
What was Goliardic poetry?
Irreverent Latin poetry.
What guilds were usually in charge of universities.
Guilds of students.
How did cities gain usually autonomy from their Lords?
They would buy the privileges with profits from trade
What were the roles of tournaments?
Take prisoners to ransom and increase wealth. Was a way to train for war without breaking the church's desire to curb violence.
How large of an investment was required for Gothic cathedrals.
Large multi-generational investment which used the work and money of the whole town?
What was courtly romance literature?
vernacular poetry of brave knights, virtuous ladies, evil magicians, etc. the tales of King Arthur.
The curriculum focused on "?"
Traditional liberal arts, the trivium and quadrivium.
What was a commune?
A group of townspeople who swore an oath to resort to force to obtain privileges.
What were the expectations of aristocratic women?
Were to remain under their husbands or fathers. Be able to run the estate: finances, supplies, and raising children.
What are characteristics of Gothic architecture?
Higher walls, pointed roofs, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows.
What was troubadour poetry?
vernacular poetry with themes of courtly love, and love of a lady for a knight which inspires him to be a braver knight.
What type of test was taken for degrees.
A comprehensive oral exam.
How were the governments of cities organized?
Citizens elected a city council who enacted legislation and served as judges and magistrates. Was engineered to keep only certain families in power.
What actions did the church take to limit the violence of the aristocracy? (3)
Instituted the "Peace of God" which was to respect churches and not attack noncombatants. Instituted the "Truce of God" which prevented fighting on Sundays and feast days. Redirected the violence against enemies of the church (crusades).
What are characteristics of Romanesque architecture?
Professional builders, barrel vaults, large pillars and walls, few windows, and rectangular basilica shape.
What was chanson de geste?
Vernacular poetry written for men describing battles and political contests. Heroic Epic.
Why did kings encourage universities.
They used graduates in their bureaucracies and as their advisors.
What were the common rights of townspeople?
Right to bequeath goods and sell property, freedom from military obligation, written law of their freedoms, and right of a serf to be free after residing over a year in a town.
What were the marriage patterns of the aristocracy?
Daughters married young, while men wouldn't marry until the death of their father. Was used to gain alliances and continue family line not for love. Divorces were prohibited, but annulments were permitted if it was found they were related by blood, they hadn't consented to the marriage, or if there was something that prevented proper consummation