Enlightenment
Which philosopher proposed the separation of powers in government?
Montesquieu
This Frech queen was executed during the French Revolution
Marie Antoinette
What were the two main European rivals in the Seven Years’ War?
Great Britain and France
Which country is considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
Great Britain
Which Greek hero is known for his invulnerability except in the heel?
Achilles
Which are the basic ideas of the Social Contract?
The government’s legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed, individuals agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order, and sovereignty ultimately belongs to the people.
What was the main slogan of the French Revolution?
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
Which European power was Britain’s main ally during the Seven Years' War?
Prussia
Who invented the steam engine, a key innovation that powered many industries during the Industrial Revolution?
James Watt
Which medieval pandemic killed around a third of Europe’s population and indirectly helped the Renaissance emerge?
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague).
What was the main goal of the Enlightenment?
To promote reason, individual freedoms, and challenge traditional authority
How was the period of extreme violence during the French Revolution known as?
The Reign of Terror
What are the Townshend Acts and other taxation acts?
These acts were imposed on the American colonies by Britain after the Seven Years' War to raise revenue and help pay off war debts.
What type of transportation system, developed during the Industrial Revolution, revolutionized the movement of goods across large distances, especially in Britain?
The railroad system
What famous war took place between Rome and Carthage?
The Punic Wars
Which economic system was criticized by Enlightenment thinkers, leading to the development of capitalism?
What was the Tennis Court Oath, and why was it significant?
A pledge by the Third Estate in 1789 to not disband until a new constitution was created, and it marked the first formal step towards the French Revolution.
Which treaty, signed in 1763, officially ended the Seven Years' War and resulted in France ceding many of its North American territories to Britain?
The Treaty of Paris
During this revolution, people started leaving their homes in rural areas and moving to the cities. What was this process called and why did it take place?
This process is called urbanization. It happened because the Industrial Revolution created factory jobs in cities, attracting people from rural areas in search of better economic opportunities.
What was feudalism?
It was a social, economic and political system based on the relationship between lords and vassals, where the vassals received land in exchange for loyalty and military services.
Why is it called "Enlightenment"?
Because it emphasized reason, knowledge, and individual thinking as a way to "illuminate" society and move away from ignorance, superstition, and tyranny.
What were the main inspirations of the Latin American independence movements in the early 19th century?
Inspired by the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, economic exploitation by European powers, and Napoleon’s invasion of Spain weakening colonial rule.
Which conflict is often considered a direct result of the tensions that built up after the Seven Years' War, particularly with issues like taxation?
The American Revolution.
How is Samuel Slater commonly known in American industrial history and why?
Samuel Slater is commonly known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" because he brought British textile technology to the United States, which helped kickstart industrialization in America.
What was the main artistic center during the Renaissance in Italy?
Florence, especially under the patronage of the Medici family.