Ancient Greece
Define democracy.
Rule by the people.
Define republic.
A form of government in which citizens have the power to elect their leaders.
Define monotheism.
Belief in one god.
What did Europe look like following the fall of the Roman Empire?
West: Divided into separate Germanic Kingdoms.
East: Remained a united empire (Byzantine Empire)
Define Empire.
A large group of states or countries under a single authority, especially an emperor or empress.
What was the Athenian Assembly?
Aspect of Athenian democracy.
All eligible citizens could participate and vote.
What were the Twelve Tables?
Roman laws written down and hung in the forum for all citizens to see.
Based on the idea that all citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
Describe the origins of Judaism.
Abraham made a covenant with Yahweh. The covenant stated that if the Hebrews only believed in one God (Yahweh), he will grant them divine favor.
Define feudalism.
A mutually agreed upon contract of rights and obligations.
Based on a social hierarchy where land was granted to individuals in exchange for loyalty.
Condition of being owned by someone else.
What was the Delian League?
Greek alliance group led by Athens to protect against future Persian invasions.
Member nations paid protection money to Athens.
Athens growing strength scared other greek city-states, such as Sparta.
Explain Julius Caesar's impact on Ancient Rome.
Caesar was able to gain political power under the Roman Republic, declared himself "Dictator for Life".
Was killed by members of the Senate, led to continuous fighting for power within the Roman government.
Describe the origins of Christianity.
Developed out of Judaism.
Based on the teachings of Jesus.
Define manorialism.
Economic system of the Middle Ages.
The manor is the center of individual's economic lives. Lords controlled and profited off the land while peasants provided labor.
Define Civilization.
An advanced state of human society; a complex and highly organized social order.
What did the Lycurgan system look like in Sparta? (Hint: Consider Lycurgus' reforms)
- Creation and use of iron currency.
- Citizens ate at a shared table.
- Banning of the arts.
Emphasis on equality between citizens
What was the Pax Romana?
A period of peace in Ancient Rome that began during the reign of Augustus.
The goal was to guarantee law, order, and security within the empire.
Define diaspora.
The spreading of people from their original homeland.
Ex. The Jews dispersed out of Judea, lived in more isolated and small groups around the world
Who was Charlemagne? What was his impact?
Spread Christianity and created schools throughout his empire.
Define defaunation.
The destruction or loss of animal life in a region or habitat.
What was the impact of the Peloponnesian War on Ancient Greece?
- Sparta defeated Athens, implemented a new government.
- Athens was physically destroyed, much of their citizens were killed by the plague.
- Athens would never become a dominant city-state.
- Ancient Greece continues to experience conflict between the city-states, they are eventually conquered by Macedonia.
What impact did Constantine have on the Roman Empire?
Issued the Edict of Milan (Legalized Christianity)
Moved the capital of the empire from Rome to Constantinople.
Name the 5 Pillars of Islam.
1 - Declaration of Faith
2 - Prayer
3 - Zakat (Charity)
4 - Fasting (Ramadan)
5 - Pilgrimage to Mecca
What were the Crusades?
A series of wars between Christians and Muslims.
They fought over control of Jerusalem, the Holy Land.
Define Paleolithic.
The period of human development with the first use of stone tools by early human ancestors.
Hunter Gatherers.