Middle Ages
Religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of Jerusalem
The Crusades
Created the scientific method
Francis Bacon
A word that means using rational thinking and evidence to come to conclusions
Reason
Wrote "Common Sense" which argued why the American colonies should become independent from Britain
A person on a religious journey, typically to promote their religion
Missionary
_________ (horseback soldiers) fought for their lord and protected the ________ (piece of land)
1) Knights, 2) fief
________ (man) challenged the Catholic Church for selling _________ (way of buying forgiveness to go to heaven)
1) Martin Luther, 2) indulgences
Philosophy that says that the best actions are those that bring the most good/happiness to the greatest number of people
Utilitarianism
Believed that people were naturally selfish, and a strong central government was necessary for there to be order
Thomas Hobbes
Beneath someone in rank or power; lower-ranking
Subordinate
Relating to farmland
Agrarian
Secularism
You should only act as though everyone should act the same way
Categorical Imperative
One of the first feminists; advocated for women's equality, especially education
Mary Wollstonecraft
Peasants who couldn't individually be bought and sold, but had few rights and had to stay on the property
Serfs
A _____ gives land to a _____, who must be loyal and serve the former
1) Lord, 2) Vassal
Christians who chose to practice their faith on their own instead of following the Catholic Church
Protestants
Voltaire argued for the freedoms of _____, _____, and the press/media
Speech, Religion
Believed that everyone had natural rights: the rights to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
Holy city for all three Abrahamic religions (i.e., Judaism, Christianity, Islam)
Jerusalem