Patient Assessment
What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for in patient history?
What is
Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past Medical History
Last Input/Output
Events
When checking for hypothermia, what are the umbles?
fumbles - inability to perform tasks
grumbles- confusion,apathy,sluggish thinking
mumbles - slurred speech
stumbles - alteredx gait
How do you control external bleeding?
cover the wound with sterile dressing and apply direct pressure to the bleeding of the wound
While hiking, you come across someone who is unconscious and unresponsive but breathing. You’re 4 miles from the trailhead. Do you stay with the person while someone else gets help, or do you all leave together to find assistance?
Stay with the person while someone else goes to get help, ensuring their airway remains clear and monitoring their condition.
what is the medication typically used for severe allergic reaction?
epi-pen
What are the ABCDE in an initial patient assessment?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment and Expose
How do you identify heat exhaustion versus heat stroke?
Heat exhaustion symptoms: sweating, nausea, pale/ flushed, head ache, nausea and/or vomiting, thirst, dizziness, elevated heart and respiratory rate
Heat stroke: core temperature 105 or more, disorientation and bizarre personality changes, skin that may be hot and dry or moist, elevated heart and respiratory rate, headache, seizures
Immobilize the limb using a rigid object, pad the splint for comfort, and secure it without compromising circulation.
A member of your group twists their ankle while hiking. The injury seems minor, but they’re having trouble walking. Should the group move quickly to the next campsite or slow down and support the injured hiker?
Slow down and support the injured hiker. Splint the ankle if necessary and ensure they are stable before moving
identify symptoms of a diabetic emergency
light headed, dizziness, confusion or weakness
irregular breathing
irregular pulse
feeling or looking ill
changes in loc
gradual or rapid onset of confusion or disorientation
dry red skin
pale moist skin
Ensure the scene is safe for both rescuer and patient
what are the three types of altitude illnesses
acute mountain sickness
high altitude cerebral edema
high altitude pulmonary edema
During a hike, a group member falls and develops a large, painful bruise on their arm, but the skin isn’t broken. Do you treat this as a serious injury requiring evacuation or monitor and continue hiking?
Monitor and continue hiking unless symptoms worsen, such as significant swelling, decreased mobility, or severe pain.
While setting up camp, you notice the area is wet and prone to pooling water if it rains. There’s a drier spot about 20 minutes away, but it’s getting dark. Do you stay and set up camp here or move to the drier spot?
Move to the drier spot to avoid potential flooding and hypothermia risks
what's the acronym to identify a stroke
FAST
Face, Arm, Speech, Time
In a secondary Assessment, what is DOTS
Deformity
Open Injuries
Tenderness
Swelling
You’re hiking in the summer, and someone in your group gets stung by a bee. They’re not allergic but experience swelling and discomfort. Do you treat the sting and continue hiking or stop for a prolonged rest?
Treat the sting with a cold compress and pain relief, then continue hiking while monitoring for worsening symptoms.
what are the steps to treat a sucking chest wound?
cover the hole with an occlusive dressing and tape the dressing down securely on 3 sides. monitor breathing
You’re hiking with a group when a sudden storm rolls in. The trail is exposed, and there are signs of lightning in the distance. Should you stay in place or move to a safer location?
Move to a safer location, preferably away from high points, open areas, and isolated tall objects
do not remove object
control bleeding by packing bulky dressing around object
apply gentle pressure
if possible reduce the size or weight
What acronymn helps you determine level of consciousness and what are the levels?
AVPU
Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive
A+Ox4 who,where,when, what
A+Ox3 who, where,when
A+Ox2 who, where
A+ Ox1 who
What is the first aid response for someone struck by lightning?
check for responsiveness, cpr if needed, treat any other injuries
How do you manage a patient with a suspected spinal injury in an outdoor setting?
Stabilize the head and neck, keep the patient still, and use a log roll technique if movement is absolutely necessary.
You’re hiking with a group when one member starts showing signs of dehydration, including dizziness and fatigue. The next water source is a mile away. Do you stop to rest and treat their dehydration now or push on to the water source?
Stop to rest and treat their dehydration immediately with fluids and electrolytes before deciding whether to proceed.
keep patient calm
if patient can swallow then administer aspirin
if unconscious and not breathing immediately begin cpr and use an aed if one is available