Airway & Breathing – “Heroes or Zeroes?”
This position opens the airway best in an unconscious patient with no trauma.
head-tilt chin-lift
This type of bleeding control device should be applied high and tight.
Tourniquet
A patient presents with hives, wheezing, and low blood pressure.
Anaphylaxis
This is the first dose of Epi in adult cardiac arrest.
1 mg 1:10,000 IV/IO every 3–5 minutes
A firefighter removed from overhaul with headache and nausea may have this condition.
CO poisoning
Regular, narrow-complex rhythm over 150+.
SVT
This capnography waveform shape is classic for bronchospasm.
Shark-fin waveform
This medication is used to reduce mortality when given early in hemorrhagic shock (within 3 hours).
TXA
I strike without warning, abrupt and unfair,
Sudden sharp chest pain and shortness of air.
Maybe a long car ride, surgery, or clot in the leg,
Now racing heart, low sats, and they’re losing their edge.
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
This is the first-line pain medication for severe traumatic pain.
Fentanyl
This condition occurs when muscle cells break down and release myoglobin after extreme heat stress.
Rhabdomyolysis
Irregularly irregular with no P waves.
Atrial fibrillation
The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis respiratory compromise.
IM epinephrine
The three types of bleeding are arterial, venous, and ______.
Capillary
Severe RUQ pain after a fatty meal radiating to the right shoulder blade.
Cholecystitis
Pediatric fluid bolus is this many mL/kg
20 mL/kg
The antidote for cyanide poisoning found in fire victims.
Hydroxocobalamin
Wide, regular tachycardia with no P waves.
Ventricular tachycardia
This airway device is inserted blindly and comes in sizes based on patient weight.
i-Gel
The correct first treatment for an abdominal evisceration.
Moist, sterile dressing + occlusive dressing
Altered mental status, puffy hands, and a BP of 190/112 in a 32-week pregnant patient.
Pre-eclampsia
This is the correct adult dose of aspirin in suspected ACS.
324 mg chewable
A PASS alarm signifies this type of emergency.
A down/injured/lost firefighter
Peaked T waves, prolonged PR, wide QRS is caused by _________.
Hyperkalemia
This is the most reliable indicator of adequate ventilation during resuscitation.
ETCO₂
This type of shock presents with warm skin initially and low SVR after spinal trauma.
Neurogenic shock
Hot, red, swollen skin with streaking and fever, often after a small cut.
Cellulitis
Obstetric emergency involving seizures.
Eclampsia
Severe heatstroke’s hallmark temperature threshold.
Often ≥104°F (40°C)
Tombstone ST elevations in contiguous leads with reciprocal changes
STEMI
Stridor on inspiration most commonly indicates swelling in this region.
Upper airway / larynx
This injury type is identified by paradoxical chest wall movement.
Flail chest
Confusion, hot dry skin, and altered mentation after exertion in heat.
Heatstroke
The correct medication to be given when encountering a hypoglycemic patient with a gag reflex and ability to swallow.
Oral glucose
Repeated exposure to high-stress calls increases cortisol, which increases long-term risk for this cardiovascular condition.
Hypertension (or accelerated cardiovascular disease)
A sawtooth baseline with a fixed conduction ratio suggests this rhythm.
Atrial flutter
This breathing pattern has a crescendo–decrescendo rhythm and is seen in strokes or brain injuries.
Cheyne–Stokes respirations
A “raccoon eyes” and “Battle sign” indicate this kind of fracture.
Basilar skull fracture
Pinpoint pupils, bradypnea, and reduced consciousness.
Opioid overdose
Pediatric bradycardia with poor perfusion requires THIS medication if oxygen and ventilation don't correct it.
Epinephrine
A patient pulled from a house fire is coughing soot and has singed nasal hairs. What life-threatening condition must you suspect first?
Airway burns / inhalation injury
Chaotic baseline, no P waves, no organized QRS complexes.
Ventricular fibrillation
In asthma, this medication is the FIRST nebulized treatment you should give.
Albuterol
This type of shock presents with cold, clammy skin and narrow pulse pressure.
Hypovolemic shock
A fruity breath smell, Kussmaul respirations, and high blood glucose.
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
This is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric patients.
Respiratory failure / hypoxia
A patient with facial burns is speaking normally at first, but 10 minutes later begins to develop hoarseness and stridor. What EMS action becomes urgent?
Prepare for early airway management. RSI
Regular rhythm with prolonged PR interval consistently before each QRS.
First-degree AV block
This oxygen delivery device can provide up to ~95% oxygen when used correctly.
Nonrebreather mask
For an amputated limb, you should wrap it, place it in a bag, and then do THIS.
Place the bag on ice (NOT directly touching ice)
A stiff neck, fever, and photophobia, especially in children or teens.
Meningitis
A child with inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and recent cold symptoms most likely has this condition.
Croup
A 32-year-old male is pulled from a fire with burns to the entire right arm, anterior chest, anterior right leg.
Using the Rule of 9s for adults, what is the total burn surface area (TBSA%)?
9%+9%+9%=27%
Wide QRS complex with slurred upstroke ("delta wave") indicates this condition.
WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
A sudden drop of ETCO₂ to near-zero during intubation suggests this critical event.
Tube dislodgement (or cardiac arrest progression)
This is the safest technique to stabilize a suspected spinal injury during airway assessment and management.
Manual in-line stabilization
A sudden “worst headache of my life” may indicate this emergency.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
"The "E" in the DOPE mnemonic.
Equipment Failure
A firefighter experiences chest tightness, shortness of breath, and anxiety immediately after a violent call. Name the condition that mimics ACS but is stress-induced.
Stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome)
A rhythm that alternates between fast and slow heart rates is often called this.
Sick sinus syndrome