Hot Dogs
Who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours?
Charles Martel
Who laid the foundation for a unified England?
Alfred the Great
What were the leaders of the church called?
Clergy
What kind of life did the regular clergy live?
Monastic lives
What royal family became known as the “do-nothing kings”?
Merovingian House
When William surveyed England's taxable resources, the findings were collected in what document?
Domesday Book
What word did early Christians use to describe the church that means “universal”?
Catholic
What is the practice of kings and nobles appointing church officials called?
Lay investiture
What treaty split Charlemagne’s empire into three separate kingdoms?
Treaty of Verdun
What was the name of the battle fought between William of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex?
Battle of Hastings
What code strictly regulated the lives of monks?
Benedictine Rule
What invaders did Europe fear most?
Vikings
Who reunited almost all of the Frankish territories under one rule?
Pepin II
At the beginning of Capetian rule, who possessed more land and power than the king of France?
Powerful lords (feudal lords)
Who was the famous Cistercian monk who led monastic reforms?
Bernard of Clairvaux
What was the Ile-de-France?
Land around Paris ruled by the King
Who was the first of the Saxon line of German kings, and who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 from that line?
Henry the Fowler (founder of the line); Otto I (crowned emperor in 962)
Which French king tripled the size of the royal domain by taking land from what English king?
Naming the French King and the English King
Philip II - French
John - English
What theory holds that Christ made Peter the first pope and gave him supreme authority over the church?
Petrine Theory
Explain how the major elements of the feudal system are connected (including lords, vassals, fiefs, peasants/serfs, and obligations).
Lords granted land (fiefs) to vassals in return for military service and protection. Vassals pledged loyalty. Most peasants were serfs who worked the land and owed labor and payments to the lord. The system developed due to weak central governments and the need for local protection against invaders.