People
Justinian's wife
Who is Theodora?
Best example of Muslim architecture
What are mosques?
The Varganians
Who were the Swedish Norsemen who took political control of Russia?
A Byzantine decorative art used tiny pieces of glass or stone in wet cement or plaster
What is a mosaic?
The Arabs trace their beginnings to
Who is Ishmael?
The art of beautiful handwriting
Caused the eastern and western churches to split
The leaders of the Byzantine church refused to acknowledge the bishop of Rome’s claim that his authority was supreme
over all churches. A power struggle developed between the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople. The East
and West also differed over such things as whether the church should use icons in worship. (pp. 124–25)
Vladimir I
List and explain the 5 Pillars of Islam
(1) Shahadah: The shahadah is the confession of Islam and must be sincerely believed and recited regularly: “There is no
God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” (2) Salat: This word means “prayers.” Every Muslim must recite prayers
up to five times a day while facing Mecca. (3) Zakat: This word means “purification,” and it refers to alms (money) that
the devout are to give to the poor. (4) Sawm: The sawm is a required fast that all Muslims are to observe from sunrise
to sunset during the sacred month of Ramadan. (5) Hajj: The hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Every Muslim who is
physically and financially able is commanded to make at least one trip to Mecca in his lifetime.
From Scripture we know that there is one God. However, Allah is not that God, and Muhammad is not a prophet of the
Word of God, the Bible. The Bible teaches us to pray to the one true God without ceasing. The Bible also talks of helping
the poor and fasting, but this is not a requirement for salvation. No pilgrimages are commanded in Scripture. (p. 133)
Muslim poet
Omar Khayyam
Discuss two contributions of Justinian’s reign. How do these contributions relate to justice, power, and citizenship?
Accept any two of the following: (1) Justinian reconquered parts of the former Western Roman Empire. He reconquered
North Africa, Italy, and the southern portion of Spain. (2) He commissioned many lawyers to clarify and codify
Roman law. The result was the Justinian Code. (3) He encouraged Byzantine culture. During the golden age of
Byzantine culture, Justinian patronized Byzantine art and built the Hagia Sophia.
Answers will vary. Justinian used power to conquer territory. He practiced justice by codifying the law. He encouraged
citizenship through his support of art and architecture. (pp. 122–23)