19th Century Nationalism
Define nationalism.
Showing pride and loyalty for a nation and supporting its interests
How does nationalism impact industrialization?
As more countries industrialize, this increases competition/race for more advancements; this leads to increased nationalism
Define laissez-faire economics.
Free market capitalism that opposes government intervention/involvement
List and describe the motives/causes of imperialism in Africa and Asia:
Social:
Economic:
Geographic:
Social: civilized people, religion
Economic: resources, make more money through trade
Geographic: gain more territory/expand boundaries and influence
What years were WWI?
1914-1918
List 6 characteristics of nationalism that “bond” members of a nation-state.
Population, sovereignty, government, territory, religion, culture
How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?
New farming techniques, increased food production, more population, better health
Name the people who introduced each idea:
Capitalism
Communism
Capitalism: Adam Smith
Communism: Karl Marx
Define Social Darwinism
The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals; survival of the fittest
Describe each M.A.I.N. cause of WWI.
Militarism: glorification of the military/building it up
Alliances: agreements between countries to aid each other in the event of war
Nationalism: strong loyalty and patriotism to one's country
Imperialism: Expanding areas of control to be a stronger nation
How did Otto Von Bismarck change Germany? What was his idea of "realpolitik?"
He changed Germany by uniting the German states and pushing reforms such as voting and the first welfare state.
"Realpolitik" was the idea that "the ends justify the means;" solving real problems through negotiation, and then by any other means necessary if that didn't work
What factors of production did England have that made them the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
1. Labor
2. Land
3. Capital
4. Entrepreneurship
List the amount of government involvement in each economic system:
Capitalism
Communism
Capitalism: limited government involvement
Communism: the government owns all factors of production and property
What was the Berlin Conference?
European countries met to divide up Africa (imperialism)
Briefly describe some of the new military technology introduced during WWI.
Tanks, U-boats, machine guns, planes, trench warfare, poison gas
Also the strategy of attacking both military and civilian resources
How did Emperor Meiji “westernize” Japan?
In addition to sending students to Western nations to observe the German army, British navy, and other countries' infrastructures, Meiji also opened ports that brought new foods and clothing styles.
What was a long-term effect of industrialization in Germany and Japan?
Led to the expansion of natural resources
What long-term effect did the Communist Manifesto have?
It established the basis for the communist governments around the world
Describe the cause(s) AND result(s) of each anti-imperialist movement:
Opium Wars:
Indian Revolt of 1857:
Boxer Rebellion in China:
Opium Wars: England wanted access to goods/products exclusive to China, so they gave the Chinese opium so that they would get addicted to it
Indian Revolt of 1857: British rule caused an uprising led by Indian soldiers (sepoys)
Boxer Rebellion in China: Chinese group rebelled against the influence of Western ideas; these Western ideas had infiltrated the country through various spheres of influence
What impact did new military weaponry have on the fighting of WWI?
Led to new strategies such as trench warfare. Also led to the implementation of new weapons that came with moral dilemmas
List similarities between Otto von Bismarck and Emperor Meiji based off their rule.
Both increased nationalism and modernization in their countries by increasing economic and industrial success
Define urbanization, and what is the relationship between industrialization and urbanization?
Urbanization: populations shift from the country/rural regions to cities/urban regions
The relationship is that as industry continued to grow in cities, jobs would become available and people would move
What social issues came about because of the Industrial Revolution?
Dangerous work conditions, crowded housing, extreme poverty, poor healthcare, child labor, etc.
Briefly describe the impact of imperialism on colonized nations:
Positive effects:
Negative effects:
Positive effects: more education and technology
Negative effects: land and resources were stolen, and people were taken advantage of as cheap/free labor
Define total war.