Power
______________ was a critical political tool in all five gunpowder empires.
Bureaucracy
This good led to the first truly global trade network in the world.
Silver.
Martin Luther took the most issue with the Catholic Church's overuse of ___________________.
Indulgences.
The territories of the gunpowder empires were primarily _________________.
Land-based.
Vasco da Gama, Marco Polo, Columbus
Marco Polo-->Columbus-->Vasco da Gama
Most governments from the Mongol era to the early modern era were __________________.
Monarchies
What was the name of the series of trade routes connecting China to Europe in the post-Classical period?
The Silk Roads.
The Chinese "Mandate of Heaven" is a good example of what concept employed by states to maintain power?
Religious legitimacy/legitimization.
Islamic traders expertly crossed ______________ to form connections with African kingdoms.
The Sahara Desert.
Protestantism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy
Catholic-->Orthodox-->Protestant
What was the name of the most important political development to result from the 30 Years' War?
Sovereignty
What system of trade connected the Atlantic World in the early modern period?
The Triangular Trade.
What was the name of the hierarchical system dividing citizens of colonial Spain into race-based classes?
What major environmental change created the conditions for the Black Plague to spread?
A global warming period.
Ming Empire, Mongol Empire, Qing Empire
Mongol-->Ming-->Qing
______________ became important political organizations in Renaissance Italy.
(Merchant) Guilds.
_______________ was a highly profitable good in Renaissance Italy, fueling the wealth of the Medici family.
Wool
The biggest differences between Protestant and Catholic Christianity according to Luther were termed the three _____________.
Solae.
What was one example of a crop that travelled West to East in the Columbian Exchange?
Tomatores, potatoes, chilis, squash, cocoa, tobacco, etc.
Islam, Christianity, Confucianism
Confucianism-->Christianity-->Islam
What name refers the theoretical relationship between Church and State in medieval Europe?
The Doctrine of the Two Swords
The Inca Empire had a unique system in which ____________ was used as a way to pay taxes.
Labor
The term for the theocratic form of government established by Islamic empires is __________________.
Caliphate.
What is one example of a crop that travelled from East to West during the Columbian Exchange?
Cotton, coffee, sugar, wheat, rye, horses, chickens, turkeys, etc.
Post-Classical-->Medieval-->Early Modern