Origins
This development gave people a more reliable food supply and helped them build permanent settlements.
Agriculture
Rulers who create laws and organize a community represent this characteristic of civilization
Government
Mesopotamians used this wedge-shaped writing system to record trade, taxes, property, and laws
Cuneiform
This Persian ruler allowed many conquered peoples to keep their religions and customs.
Cyrus the great
This Zhou belief stated that Heaven gave authority to a just ruler and could remove it from an unjust ruler.
Mandate of Heaven
This term describes a person who moves from place to place instead of living in a permanent settlement.
Nomad
Scribes recording taxes, trade, and important events provide evidence of this characteristic of civilization.
Writing or Record Keeping
Egyptians used this picture-and-symbol writing system.
Hieroglyphics
Darius divided the Persian Empire into these provinces, each governed by a satrap.
Satrapies
Qin Shi Huang used this philosophy based on strict laws and harsh punishments.
Legalism
People learned to control the breeding and use of plants and animals through this process.
Domesticated
Early civilizations settled near rivers because rivers supplied these two important farming resources.
Water & Fertile Soil
This Egyptian ruler held political power and was also connected to religion.
The pharaoh
Stations, fresh horses, and messengers made this Persian route valuable for communication and trade.
Royal Road
This philosophy influenced Han government by emphasizing education, moral character, respect for elders, and social responsibilities.
Confucianism
Agriculture created this extra supply, which helped populations grow and supported specialized jobs.
Food Surplus
This system moved or controlled river water so farmers could grow crops.
Irrigation
his written collection of laws showed Mesopotamian expectations, punishments, and social differences.
Hammurabi’s Code
After seeing the suffering caused by the conquest of Kalinga, this Mauryan ruler embraced Buddhism and promoted nonviolence.
Ashoka
Buddhism traveled from India into China partly through this trade network.
The Silk Road
Why was the Neolithic Revolution a major turning point in human history?
It changed people from a nomadic way of life to farming and permanent settlements, leading to food surpluses, population growth, specialized jobs, and civilizations.
Identify one benefit and one challenge that rivers created for early civilizations.
Rivers provided fertile soil, water, transportation, or trade, but flooding could destroy crops and settlements.
Explain one way Egypt’s environment helped the civilization grow and one way the government used that growth.
The Nile produced fertile soil and food surpluses. The pharaoh and government officials collected taxes, managed food, or organized construction projects.
The Gupta golden age helped develop these two mathematical ideas that remain important today.
Place Value and Zero
How did Ashoka and Qin Shi Huang use different methods to strengthen their empires?
Ashoka promoted Buddhism, nonviolence, and moral leadership, while Qin Shi Huang used Legalism, strict laws, standardization, and harsh punishments.