Persia, Greece, & India
True/False: The caste system in India encouraged social mobility
false
Who was Ban Zhao? What did she teach?
A female writer in Han dynasty China who encouraged female subservience following Confucian values
Who was St. Paul? Why is he significant?
Early follower of Christ; after Christ’s death, made Christianity a missionary religion by spreading it across Eastern Roman Empire
Who were gladiators? How were they viewed by elites?
Slaves forced to fight to the death for entertainment. Often POWs. Elites saw their lives as worthless
What was the purpose of Mayan temples?
They were religious temples for ritual human sacrifice.
Who were the Untouchables?
People in India who performed work considered unclean, esp. dealing with death, forbidden to touch other castes
Who was Augustus? What did he do?
Octavian, first emperor of Rome, used peace of his reign to change Rome from republic to Empire
What was a primary means of diffusing these religions across Afro-Eurasia?
trade
What social concept shaped family relations in all imperial second-wave civilizations?
patriarchy
Which civilization in the Americas was a center of turquoise trade?
Chaco
Why is the notion of “civilized” vs “barbaric” peoples problematic?
It is rooted in cultural and language differences and implies superiority/inferiority
What was Legalism? When, why, and by whom was it implemented?
political philosophy of Qin dynasty under Qin Shihuangdi to unify warring China – rigid law & punishment to establish order
What role did patriarchy play in these religions?
both “egalitarian” in theory, but in practice patriarchal – women not allowed to hold equal roles. However, many saw nunneries as escape– more autonomy
Who was Spartacus? What was the result of his actions?
Roman gladiator & slave, led a rebellion of 200,000, who were crucified by the Romans
True/False: Second-wave civilizations of the Americas were as wealthy as those in Afro-Eurasia.
True
What technological innovation enabled Persian kings to efficiently collect taxes from the furthest reaches of their empire?
The Persian Royal Roads
What was Confucianism? What was its purpose in society?
Philosophy in China by Confucius. Created social order by est. obedience to emperor & reinforced patriarchy through obedience to men
Who was Ashoka? When was he around? How did he impact religion in India?
Indian Emperor, 268-232 BCE: moral Hindu Buddhist; converted to Buddhism and sought to spread Buddhism in India
When and why did China first build the Great Wall?
First built during Qin dynasty to protect China from northern nomads who were seen as raiders, barbarians, uncivilized, not to be trusted
Which First Civilization influenced the Mayans?
The Olmecs
Which factors led to the development of the caste system in India?
Cultural diffusion from Aryan migration, interactions between South Asian cultures, social and economic inequalities
How did political structures contribute to social structures in the Roman Empire?
legal systems sustained and codified social hierarchies
Why did Buddhism not spread as well among pastoral nomads of Central Asia?
no writing system
Describe one of the principal roots of social hierarchy in First and Second-Wave civilizations.
unequal labor systems
Which of these three regions saw women as “dangerous and polluting”?
Pacific Oceania