Haitian Society
What was the name for wealthy white plantation owners in Haiti?
Grand Blancs
Which global intellectual movement inspired the Haitian Revolution?
Enlightenment
Who led enslaved Haitians in the first major revolts?
Toussiant L’Ouverture
Which social group was born in Spain and held highest status?
Peninsulares
What long-term issue contributed to both revolutions?
Rigid social hierarchy
Which group often had more wealth than poor whites?
Free People of Color
What event in France encouraged Haitians to demand rights?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man (French Revolution)
Who took over the Mexican independence fight after Hidalgo was executed?
Iturbide
Which group was European but born in the colonies?
Creoles
What was one major cause of the Haitian Revolution?
Brutal slave conditions / racial oppression
Which group made up the largest percentage of Haiti’s population?
Enslaved Africans
What harsh economic system fueled rebellion in Saint-Domingue?
Plantation slavery
Who led Mexican peasants in a revolt against Spanish rule?
Hidalgo
Which major revolution inspired the Latin American independence movements?
American
What did Latin American revolutions achieve by 1830?
most colonies gained independence
What did Petit Blancs care most about maintaining?
White racial superiority
What made the Haitian Revolution more radical than others of its time?
It ended racial slavery and created a Black republic.
Which leader liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia?
Bolivar
What physical feature did Bolívar and San Martín both famously cross?
Andes Mountains
What type of leaders often took power in post-independence Latin America?
Caudillos - military dictators
Why were free people of color angry before the revolution?
They were denied equal civil and political rights.
What disease killed thousands of French soldiers during Napoleon’s campaign?
Yellow Fever
Which leader from Argentina freed Chile and Peru?
Jose de San Martin
Which three regions remained controlled by Europe after most gained independence?
British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana (or “the Guianas”)
How did Haiti’s revolution impact global slavery?
It terrified slave-owning nations and inspired enslaved people worldwide.