Senatus Populusque Romanus
Way back in the way way back, the Romans pioneered this form of representative democracy
The Republic
This person was the first to enter the Covenant with God
Abraham
What two animals carried the plague?
Fleas and Rats
A king delegated responsibility to his lords, those lords to their vassals, and those vassals to their subjects.
Feudalism
Spain
Diocletian split the empire in two to manage it more effectively. But it wasn't until the eponymous convert that we got this new capital city.
Constantinopolis (The city of Constantine)
"On the third day, he rose again, in fulfilment of the Scriptures."
The Resurrection
This proportion of people in Europe died from the Plague
1/3 of Europe, 75 to 200 million in the Old World
A village wasn't complete without this center of economic activity - tasks, taxes, tools, and rules were decided in this place
The Manor House (Manorialism)
In Europe, it was the import that defeated scurvy. In 1950s America, this was a prized Christmas gift. Today, it's just another messy food the cafeteria makes you take with your slice of pizza.
Oranges (Spread of Citrus to Europe via North Africa)
Romans built some nice infrastructure that helped facilitate trade. Name one example
1) aqueducts 2) roads and bridges
What adjective would we use to describe a faith that believes in a coming savior?
Messianic
Christians believed that the plague was spread by poisoned wells and curses - they blamed these usual suspects for it
Jews
When Rome fell, chaos reigned, and labor was hard to keep around! Landlords devised contracts to keep their farm workers on site for life, leading this form of labor
Serfdom
The Europeans had their own forms of credit, but it was really these organizations that drove up the quality and flow of goods
Guilds
The consuls and senate used to be able to solve things, but lately, the commoners have been electing a lot of these to solve crises at home
Bonus pts: How was Rome's first emperor born?
Dictators
He was cut out of his mother's womb - a Caesarian Surgery, or C-Section
Bonus Pts: What's up with the fish decal on cars?
1) It provided social services for widows, the poor, and the sick
2) It offered individual salvation after this life, meaning that life could be rough - but you could hope for a better future!
3) The Roman Empire's trade networks acted as a conduit of people and communication, which helped the Apostles and later Christians spread their message
Explain one environmental catalyst for the Plague
The Little Ice Age began: Forcing people inside more often OR reducing the nutritional intake of Europeans
Increases in long-distance trade led to more human-human contact across Afro-Eurasia, enabling the spread of epidemic disease
The world was more urbanized, with more cities, allowing quicker transmission within communities
Yes, yes, Europe was decentralized. But this divinely-inspired attempt at unification at least sounded powerful
The Holy Roman Empire (located in modern Germany and Italy, it was a confederation of city-states)
With the spread of these smarts factories, Europeans finally had a source of information that wasn't under the TOTAL control of monks and the Catholic Church
Universities
It became the basis for Catholic mass, although it didn't stick in the East. Identify the first language referenced, then the language in which the Bible was first written (must get both correct)
Bonus Points: "atta-whay itch-bay," said the translator of this not-so-Kosher Romance language
Latin | Greek
Pig Latin
Explain one way that Judaism was unique for its time
1) It was a monotheism, which was uncommon for the region (polytheistic)
2) It offered a personal connection with God in which God wanted you to succeed if you followed him (different from uncaring gods)
3) It believed that God wanted to make a more just world by His Covenant, rewarding them and making a better world, the origin of our concept of (social) justice today
Explain two (2) effects of the Black Plague on Europe
1) Europeans gained partial immunity to the multiple forms of plague, along with other epidemic diseases.
2) Decreased population increased demand for labor, pressuring serfdom, driving up wages, and increasing the power of an emerging middle class
3) Decreased population gave everyone living a bit more food and land, allowing for a higher living standard among the lower and middle classes
What social contract, like a right relationship, bound a lord and his vassal?
Oath of Fealty
Bonus Pts: What was the leader of that sect called and how did they become the leader?
Eastern Orthodox Church