Enlightenment Ideas
This philosophical approach emphasized reason, empirical observation, and natural rights.
What is Enlightenment philosophy?
This 1776 document, influenced by Enlightenment philosophy, declared independence from British rule.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This energy source, abundant in Britain, was crucial for early industrialization.
What is coal?
This economic theory, promoted by Adam Smith, advocated for free markets and limited government intervention.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
This new social class emerged from industrial capitalism and factory ownership.
What is the middle class?
This author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" challenged traditional gender hierarchies.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
This successful slave revolt in the Caribbean established the second independent nation in the Americas.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This production system concentrated manufacturing in single locations and increased labor specialization.
What is the factory system?
These large-scale businesses relied on new banking and finance practices.
What are transnational businesses/corporations?
These workers organized to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages.
What are labor unions/workers' movements?
This concept argued that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.
What is the social contract?
This leader wrote the "Letter from Jamaica" advocating for Latin American independence.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This invention revolutionized transportation and made exploration of interior regions possible.
What is the railroad?
This banking corporation, operating across multiple continents, exemplified global financial networks.
What is the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)?
This philosopher's ideas about socialism and communism influenced workers' movements and political parties.
Who is Karl Marx?
This 1848 conference, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, demanded women's suffrage.
What is the Seneca Fall Conference
This principle, based on shared language, religion, and culture, became a major force shaping states and empires.
What is nationalism?
This led to new methods of producing steel, chemicals, and electricity.
What is the Second Industrial Revolution?
These financial instruments facilitated global business expansion.
What are stock markets?
This rapid growth of cities accompanied global capitalism but created challenges like pollution and poverty.
What is urbanization?
These movements, influenced by Enlightenment ideals, led to the expansion of rights and abolition of slavery.
What are reform movements?
These movements in the Philippines and Puerto Rico sought independence from colonial rule.
What is the Propaganda Movement (Philippines) and writings of Lola Rodríguez de Tió (Puerto Rico)?
This vision of industrialization was promoted by Muhammad Ali in Egypt.
What is state-sponsored industrialization (cotton textile industry)?
This policy shift saw Western European countries abandon mercantilism in favor of free trade.
What is the adoption of free trade policies?
These reform efforts in Asia and Africa aimed to modernize economies and militaries in response to industrialization.
What are Tanzimat in Ottoman Empire, Self-Strengthening in China?