Early Stages of Imperialism
Why did Europeans depend on imperialism in other parts of the world?
They required raw materials for the development of industrial economies.
What was the term commonly used to reference the European quest to conquer Africa?
"Scramble" for Africa
This was a major rebellion of Indians against the British.
What was its outcome?
Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
Led to collapse of Mughal Empire
This East Asian country successfully resisted imperialism by becoming an imperial power itself.
Japan
This led to the decline of the Gunpowder Empires (Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) during the age of imperialism?
Failure to modernize in order to economically compete with Europeans
What country did most European and Asian migrants move to during the age of imperialism?
USA
How did Europeans use religion to justify imperialism?
Spreading Christianity and "civilization".
This conference, that only Europeans attended, decided the fate of African nations during this era.
Berlin Conference
This country colonized Indochina (Vietnam) during this period.
France
This event signaled the end of China's economic independence in the nineteenth century.
British Opium Wars
How did receiving countries respond to waves of Asian migrants that moved in response to imperialism?
Identify ONE specific political policy.
Attempts to ban migrants and xenophobia
Chinese Exclusion Act in the US; The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (White Australia policy)
Why did most immigrants leave their homelands and what gender were the vast majority of them?
Pull Factor: Mostly men seeking work in big cities (left rural, agricultural areas for factory work)
How did European imperialism begin in Africa, India, and China?
Small military and trading posts along coastlines.
How did technology affect European expansion in Africa?
Name one such technology.
New military technologies led to ability to conquer easier.
Railroads, telegraph, radio, steamboats with small cannon, Suez Canal, submarine cables
What were the names of the TWO major European corporations responsible for imperialism in SE Asia?
East India Company (EIC) and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
This political event restored practical imperial rule to Japan and began the process of modernizing the country.
Meiji Restoration
How did colonized societies respond to imperialism violently AND give an example?
Colonized societies frequently responded to European imperialism by launching armed rebellions (i.e. Sepoy Rebellion in India)
Many rebellions against colonial rule were influenced by local religious movements, such as the Mahdist rebellion in Sudan
How did technology influence global migration patterns in the nineteenth century?
The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation allowed more people to search for work in other parts of the world.
What scientific theory did Europeans hijack to justify their imperialism?
Darwin's "Survival of the Fittest" (From Origin of Species).
What were THREE materials European manufacturers and imperialists wanted from African nations during this NEW era of imperialism?
Palm oil
Rubber
Ivory
Diamonds
Identify ONE change in the political systems of South or Southeast Asia in the period 1750–1900.
Mughal empire collapsed
French conquered Indochina (Vietnam)
British crown took DIRECT control over India
This Chinese revolt against Western influence resulted in riots that killed Chinese Christians and foreigners.
The Boxer Rebellion
How did colonized societies respond to imperialism NON-violently AND give an example?
By forming nationalist movements, such as the Indian National Congress, to argue for reforms and self-determination.
Sometimes colonized peoples created new states on the periphery of colonial empires- Cherokee, Zulu, Balkan states
How did global migration patterns following the age of imperialism influence gender roles in HOME countries?
Women began taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men.
If SUGAR was the main cash crop of the age of colonization, what was the major cash crop of the early stages of imperialism?
COTTON
What was a major internal social effect of the the New Imperialism on African nations?
Ethnic groups in Africa began in-fighting in response to European control (i.e. Apartheid in South Africa)
Identify ONE continuity in the political systems of South or Southeast Asia in the period 1750–1900.
Europeans continued to challenge state power of local rulers
British East India company ruled instead of British crown
Native rulers cooperated with Europeans
Identify Both: What is ONE similarity and ONE difference between China & Japan during this time period?
SIMILAR: Both initially resist Westernization and imperialism.
DIFFERENCE: China was taken down because of its failure to adapt, while Japan modernized and became a major power.
How did Russia respond to the growth of European states?
Attempted to modernize by:
Establishing Trans-Siberian Railroad
Abolishing serfdom.
How did mass migration affect the development of cities in RECEIVING countries?
Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving countries.
Development of urban enclaves.