POLICY AND POLICYMAKING
A system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives
What is public policy?
Assessment, Assurance, Policy Development
What are the three core functions of public health?
Improve the patient experience of care, improve population health, reduce costs, improve provider well-being, improve patient engagement
What are the components of the Quintuple Aim
Physician or Hospital paid one sum for all services during one illness or procedure.
What is episode-based payment?
Autonomy, justice, non-maleficence, beneficence
What are the four principles of medical ethics?
The most important aspect of having a policy pass
What is a policy window?
1910 report that transformed the nature and process of medical education in America with a resulting elimination of proprietary schools and the establishment of the biomedical model as the gold standard of medical training.
A network of doctors and hospitals that shares financial and medical responsibility for providing coordinated care to patients in hopes of limiting unnecessary spending.
What is an accountable care organization?
Historically, healthcare payment in the United States has been driven by a ______model; however, payment reform has resulted in a shift to a _____ model to improve clinical quality and outcomes, while also containing or reducing healthcare costs.
What is fee-for-service and value-based?
The degree to which health care services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.
What is health care quality?
Associations of individuals or organizations that on the basis of one or more shared concerns, attempts to influence public policy in its favor usually by lobbying members of the government.
What are interest groups?
______ should be broad, not segmented
What are health insurance risk pools?
Acute Care, Coordinated Healthcare, and Community Healthcare
What are the three models of healthcare delivery?
____ are cost-saving measures that impact quality of service or patient experience, often by reducing access to care, while _____ reduces costs without significantly affecting the quality of service or patient experience, usually by improving efficiency or eliminating unnecessary waste
What are Painful Cost Control and Painless Cost Control?
Better care, healthy people/healthy communities, affordable care
What are the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) – National Quality Strategy (NQS) overarching aims?
Problem Identification --> Scope, Impact, Cost Assessment --> Community/Political Mobilization --> Policy Response --> Outcome Evaluation
What is the life cycle of a policy problem?
_____ was passed in 1997 during a unique policy window that emerged from several converging factors, including concern about uninsured children, the federal budget moving toward surplus, and tobacco settlement negotiations creating a potential funding source through increased tobacco taxes, among other factors.
What is the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)?
A partnership among practitioners, patients, and their families ensures that decisions respect patients’ wants, needs, and preferences, and that patients have the education and support they need to make decisions and participate in their own care.
What is a Patient Centered Medical Homes (PCMH)?
____ seek to generate returns by enhancing the performance of their portfolio companies over the course of their holding period.
Private equity fund managers
Study investigating the health effects of lead paint in children and the effectiveness of lower cost techniques in abating lead content in residential properties.
What is the John Hopkins Kennedy Krieger Lead Abatement Study?
Agenda setting, Legislation development, Rulemaking stage, Policy operation stage, Policy modification stage
What are the stages at which the policy process can be influenced?
Created to test innovative approaches to delivering and financing Medicaid services.
What are 1115 waivers?
____ integration is strategy in which a company owns and controls different stages of the production process or value chain. AND
_____ integration emphasizes coordination through patient management agreements, provider incentives and information systems, rather than investment in large numbers of facilities and people
What is vertical and virtual?
Roughly ___ % of healthcare spending is wasted (i.e., administrative waste, pricing failures, prevention failures, unnecessary services, fraud, inefficient care delivery)
What is 23%?
It requires judgment about potential conflicts between personal and professional values.
What is why is rationing healthcare resources an ethical issue?