John Locke
John Locke wrote this discourse
The Second Treatise on Government
The articles can be separated into these 3 branches
What are...legislative, judiciary and executive powers
Edmund Burke wrote this text
Reflections on the Revolution in France
Olaudah Equiano wrote this memoir
The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African
Enlightenment
Characterised by scepticism, reason & progress
The "state of nature" and the "law of nature"
What is...
a) All people are create equal, without subjugation
b) All people should preserve the life, liberty, health and goods of others. All have authority to enforce law
This is the main theme
Advocate for British Conservatism: limited monarchy, tradition, social order.
Utilitarianism
Essentially pragmatism
Measure value of smt by its usefulness
The state of nature lacks these 3 things.
What are
1. Codified law of nature (legislative)
2. Disinterested judge (judiciary)
3. Power to execute/enforce laws (executive)
Burke makes this argument about the each person's rights
BONUS: Do you agree?
What is...everyone has a right to whatever benefits society can offer.
Some things are privileges
Romanticism
What is... focus on individualism and considering effects of industrialisation on human psyche
T/F: Dissolution of tyrannical gov. is ethical. Why/Why not?
TRUE: The ppl are not starting revolution, but are exercising their right to liberty, b/c gov. not fulfilling their duty
Burke describes this solution to the French Revolution
What is...society must maintain "ancient principles" and adopt a system of civil manners
Secularism
Decline in power of religious beliefs and subsequent decline in religious practice
The central themes (2)
What are...
a) divine right (based on God) < Liberalism (based on law of nature)
b) Purpose of gov = consent of governed to secure life, liberty, property & all that jazz