Name That Study
Researchers select people with lung cancer and people without it, then compare their smoking histories. Name the design.
Case-control study. Participants are selected based on the outcome.
Which study starts by grouping people according to whether they have a particular exposure?
cohort study
True or false: Both case-control and cohort studies are observational studies.
True. Researchers observe exposures and outcomes rather than assigning exposures.
Researchers follow smokers and nonsmokers for 10 years to see who develops heart disease. Name the design.
Cohort study.
Which book begins with the phrase “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”?
A Tale of Two Cities
Researchers follow people who drink sugary drinks and people who do not, recording who develops diabetes. Name the design.
Cohort study. Participants are grouped by exposure.
In a case-control study, which comes first in the participant selection process: exposure or outcome?
Outcome. Researchers select cases with the outcome and controls without it.
Which design is generally more efficient for investigating a rare disease?
Case-control study. Researchers can specifically recruit people who already have the rare disease.
Researchers identify people with a rare disease and compare their past pesticide exposure with people without the disease. Name the design.
Case-control study.
Which country won the 2022 FIFA World Cup?
Argentina
Researchers use 20-year-old records to compare cancer outcomes in workers previously exposed to asbestos and workers who were not exposed. Name the design.
cohort study. Groups are defined by exposure and their outcomes are assessed using historical records.
What is the key difference in how participants are selected for a case-control study versus a cohort study?
Case-control: selected based on outcome. Cohort: grouped based on exposure.
Which design can directly measure disease incidence when appropriate follow-up and population data are available?
Cohort study
A researcher recruits healthy adults, records their exercise habits, and tracks new cases of heart disease over 12 years. What is the design, and what is the exposure?
Cohort study. The exposure is exercise level.
What is Mr favorite artist
mac miller
Researchers compare the medical histories of patients with a rare disease against those without it to investigate several possible causes. Name the design
Case-control study. It is efficient for rare diseases and allows researchers to investigate multiple exposures.
How do you spell Mr. last name
Bobadilla
Which design is usually better for investigating several different outcomes associated with one exposure?
Cohort study. Researchers can track multiple outcomes in the same exposure groups.
A case-control study finds that people with a disease were more likely to report a past exposure. Can researchers directly calculate disease incidence from the sampled cases and controls? YES OR NO
NAHHHHH
Which study design is especially useful for studying rare exposures?
Cohort study, because researchers can deliberately identify and follow people with the rare exposure.
Researchers select people based on exposure to a chemical, then use historical records to determine which ones developed a rare disease. Name the design.
cohort study. Participants are selected by exposure, and their outcomes are subsequently assessed.
Why can't a typical case-control study directly estimate absolute disease risk?
Because researchers select the numbers of cases and controls
A cohort study finds a relative risk of 2.0 for disease in exposed versus unexposed participants. Interpret it.
The exposed group had twice the risk of the outcome over the specified period, assuming the estimate is valid.
Researchers select people with and without a stroke, then compare their previous histories of high blood pressure. A student calls this a cohort study because high blood pressure happened before the stroke. Is the student correct? YES OR NO
What is the easiest way to distinguish the two designs?
Case-control starts with the outcome; cohort starts with the exposure.