Research Methods
A one-time effort in gathering data.
What is cross-sectional research?
Its purpose is to understand how social cohesion is maintained.
What is Functionalism?
Societies consisting of different groups that come together to achieve a goal, however does not mix.
What are Plural Societies?
Basic rules and guidelines that regulate peoples behaviour in society.
What is Principles of Constraint?
Founder of Positivism that argued that sociology should use the same methods that like that of the natural sciences
Who is Auguste Comte?
The extent to which an instrument used produces the same results when repeated.
What is reliability?
The social cohesion based off of common values and beliefs as opposed to cohesion based on division of labour.
What is Mechanical Solidarity?
A highly organized closed system where a small elite controls nearly every aspect of the labouring population.
What is a Total Institution?
(positive or negative, formal or informal) measures that society use to enforce social control.
What is Sanction?
The step-by-step process of the Scientific Method.
What is Observe, Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze, and Conclude?
The approach taken to carry out research.
What is a methodology?
The four contradictions that exist in Capitalism, according to Marxists.
What is- Polarization, Alienation, Over production, and Technological Advancement?
Mutually exclusive values. Achieving one makes it difficult to achieve the other.
What is value contradiction?
The stage of social learning that occurs in formal institutions, where individuals internalize broader norms, values
What is Secondary Socialization?
A philosophy that states that the true reality is what we can measure, observe, experience and test.
What is positivism?
a systemic way of deciding what or whom to observe when limited resources are available.
What is sampling?
Robert K. Merton, a functionalist, coined these three concepts to build upon Functionalism.
What are manifest functions, latent functions, and dysfunctions.
Two members of the New World Group who created the Plantation Society Model.
What is Lloyd Best and George Beckford?
Where people meet each other regularly and have a sense of identity or belonging. Abiding by rules, procedures, and arrangements which are put in place to accomplish a goal.
What is Social Group?
The four characteristics of Sociology.
What is Empirical, Cumulative, Objective, Theoretical?
The seven steps in sampling.
What is- Identify the Population, Determine the Sample Frame, Identify Accessible Population, Specify sampling Method, Systematically select Sample, Observe, Generalize?
Social change arises from the constant interplay of ideas about the material base/reality which contains inherent conflicts and contradictions that propel change.
What is Dialectical Materialism?
Six characteristics of culture.
What is- learnt, shared, transmittable, adaptive, dynamic, and symbolic?
The active adoption of values, norms, and behaviour's of a role an individual expects to occupy.
What is Anticipatory Socialization?
The classical sociologist that argued that social facts must be treated as "things" meaning they must be individual and act objectively, a cornerstone of sociology as a scientific discipline.
Who is Emile Durkheim?