Renaissance
humanist artist & scientist who painted the Mona Lisa & the Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
invention that was used to spread the Bible & Reformation ideas & led to increased literacy rates
Gutenberg printing press
journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of the Triangular Trade
Middle Passage
absolute monarch of France who built the extravagant Palace of Versailles
Louis XVI
period of the French Revolution where the Jacobins/National Convention executed "enemies" of the Revolution with the guillotine
Reign of Terror
humanist artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel & sculpted David
Michelangelo
started the Church of England so that England wouldn't be under the control of the pope & he could annul his marriage
Henry VIII
the transfer of food, livestock, etc. between the Eastern & Western hemispheres
Columbian Exchange
absolute monarch who used his power to westernize Russia
Peter the Great
Napoleon's "greatest achievement," which was used in many countries & increased equality & some rights
Napoleonic Code
social class system with kings, clergy, nobles, knights, middle class, & peasants/serfs
feudalism / feudal system
started the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses
Martin Luther
Islamic empire that controlled the end of the Silk Road & marked up the price of Asian goods, leading to the start of European sea exploration
Ottoman Empire
idea that the government's power comes from the people, who are consenting to the government in exchange for protection
social contract
battle where Napoleon escaped exile, was defeated for the last time, & exiled again
Waterloo
philosophy of looking at the world without religious considerations
secularism
restored the Church of England after the reign of her Catholic sister, but allowed a degree of tolerance
Elizabeth I
scientist who was tried by the Church in the Inquisition & put on house arrest for life for supporting Copernicus's heliocentric theory
Galileo Galilei
Enlightenment thinker who believed in a social contract & that the government's role was to protect people's natural rights to life, liberty, & property
John Locke
written by the National Assembly, this listed people's natural rights
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Christian humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly, criticizing aspects of the Catholic Church
Erasmus
Reformation leader who believed in predestination & started a theocracy in Geneva
John Calvin
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire
Hernando Cortes
Enlightenment thinker who wrote about separation of powers & checks & balances in the government
Montesquieu
this was established by the Third Estate as the legitimate government of France, starting the French Revolution
National Assembly