Lao Tsu's Taoism
Lao Tsu taught about a concept called the "Tao." What does "Tao" mean?
The Way or Path
Confucius believed that a person's role in society is very important. What is this idea called?
Filial piety
Socrates is famous for a specific method of questioning. What is this called?
The Socratic Method
Plato described two realms: the physical world and the world of ideas. What is this theory called?
The Theory of Forms
Aristotle believed that living a good life requires balance. What is this principle called?
The Doctrine of the Mean
In Taoism, what is "Wu Wei," the practice of effortless action?
Letting things happen naturally, without force
What did Confucius believe was the foundation of a good character?
Virtue, especially the five constants: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness
Socrates claimed, "The unexamined life is not worth living." How does this relate to understanding oneself?
It means that one must reflect on their actions and beliefs to truly know themselves.
How does Plato’s Allegory of the Cave relate to discovering one’s true self?
It shows that self-discovery involves moving from ignorance to knowledge, just like the prisoners in the cave who must realize the truth.
How does Aristotle define "virtue" in relation to a person's character?
Virtue is a habitual action that lies between excess and deficiency, leading to good moral character.
According to Lao Tsu, what is the role of balance in living a good life?
Harmony between opposites, such as yin and yang, is essential for peace.
How does Confucius’ concept of "Ren" (benevolence) influence a person’s identity?
It encourages individuals to act with kindness and compassion, shaping their relationships with others
In Socratic philosophy, what is the importance of knowing that "I know that I know nothing".
It emphasizes humility and the constant pursuit of knowledge about oneself and the world.
Plato believed that our souls already know everything. What did he call this process of "remembering" knowledge?
Anamnesis, or the recollection of innate truths.
Aristotle introduced the idea of "telos." What does this term mean in understanding one's purpose?
Telos refers to the ultimate purpose or goal of something, and understanding one’s telos helps to understand their role in life.
Lao Tsu emphasized simplicity and humility in his teachings. Why are these traits important to understanding the self?
They help individuals live in accordance with the Tao, finding inner peace by avoiding arrogance and complexity.
Confucius highlighted the importance of education for self-improvement. What was his famous saying about learning?
"By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they become far apart." This emphasizes that self-cultivation leads to differences in character.
What did Socrates believe was the greatest virtue a person could possess?
Wisdom, as it guides moral behavior and self-understanding.
How does Plato’s concept of the philosopher-king reflect on the role of wisdom in personal identity?
Only those who truly understand the Forms, especially the Form of the Good, can lead society justly, and wisdom should guide one’s life choices.
What did Aristotle believe was the most important factor in achieving personal happiness?
Living a life of virtue and fulfilling one’s potential through reason and moderation.
n what way does the "Tao Te Ching" suggest we understand the self in relation to nature?
By aligning oneself with the natural world and its rhythms, one can achieve personal harmony and understanding).
How does Confucius' idea of leadership relate to one’s self-concept and responsibility in society?
A good leader must cultivate personal virtues and lead by example, as leadership starts with self-discipline
How did Socrates' trial and ultimate death reflect his commitment to his philosophical beliefs about self and truth?
He chose to die rather than give up his pursuit of truth, showing that personal integrity and moral beliefs were central to his identity.
What is Plato’s view on the relationship between the body and the soul in shaping one’s identity?
Plato believed that the body is temporary, but the soul is eternal, and true identity comes from the soul’s connection to the world of ideas.
How does Aristotle’s idea of "eudaimonia" shape our understanding of identity?
Eudaimonia is often translated as "flourishing" or "the good life," and it suggests that personal fulfillment comes from living according to virtue.