Power of the System (IGOs)
What does IGO stand for?
Intergovernmental Organizations - Global responders established by formal treaties between nations
Abbreviation for the 5 permanent members holding the most structural power in the UN?
P5 or the Veto Powers
What are NGOs?
Private, non-profit responder groups like Doctors Without Borders (MSF)
The institutionalized racial segregation system dismantled under Nelson Mandela
Apartheid
City where the UN Charter conference was held in 1945.
San Francisco
Mechanism allowing a single P5 member to block any substantive UN resolution?
Veto
The guiding principle NGOs rely on to operate neutrally in war zones is...
humanitarian neutrality / ethics
When independent countries formally sign a binding written agreement to cooperate on global issues like climate, defense, or trade, that document is called this.
treaty (or charter/accord)
The name of the Forces deployed by the UN that serve to defend the interests of the people. They are UN forces that cannot use force and are not associated with a country.
Peacekeepers
What P5 nations prioritize over global human rights when casting a veto?
national interest / strategic interest
When powerful nations refuse to trade goods, sell weapons, or do business with a rule-breaking country to force it to change its behavior, they are imposing these economic penalties.
sanctions
Coming from the Latin phrase for "I forbid," this special political power allows a single leader or country to instantly cancel or block a decision made by everyone else.
veto
Why would IGOs be slow to act during sudden crises?
bureaucracy / diplomacy / state sovereignty
How P5 members view any attempt to strip them of their veto power?
act of war
Local volunteer NGO that conducted search-and-rescue during the Syrian Civil War?
White Helmets
Unlike national governments that fund their programs using taxes, humanitarian groups like Oxfam, the Red Cross, or Greenpeace rely primarily on this to fund their operations.
private donations (or charitable fundraising)
Country where the UN ignored the "Killing Fields" due to Cold War politics?
Cambodia
UDHR article guaranteeing equal rights, which the P5 veto directly contradicts?
Article 1 - "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
1994 crisis where the UN prioritized avoiding casualties over stopping mass atrocities?
Rwandan Genocide
These are the three distinct legal terms for people displaced by a crisis: those who have crossed a border and received official protection, those who have crossed a border and are waiting for protection, and those who are denied citizenship by any country (like the Rohingya).
Refugees, asylum seekers, and Stateless persons