CRAWLING
What is necessary to lift the head? Legs and pelvis?
Head: co activation of deep neck flexors and extensors
Legs and pelvis: co activation of diaphragm and abdominal wall
What is happening to the humerus during a distractive and compressive force?
Distractive: pulling humerus out of glenoid
Compressive: pushing humerus down
Which side is the deltoid ligament located on of the foot?
Medial
True or false: there is no such thing as lateral extension in spinal movement
True
What are the forearm extensors innervated by? What are the forearm flexors innervated by?
Extensors: radial nerve
Flexors: median nerve
What is centration?
The optimal joint position that allows for the most effective mechanical advantage. It has the greatest interosseous contact to allow for optimal load transference across the joint and along kinetic chain (maximal muscle pull)
Due to impingement, what movements are difficult to do?
Internal rotation, flexion and abduction
Name the structures of the tarsal tunnel
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve and flexor hallucis longus
What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?
Flexion, abduction and external rotation of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Internal rotation of lower leg
Which muscles are involved in pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus and flexor carpi radialis
What actions and movements occur at the 5 month stage?
Turning: from supine to side lying
Crossed support pattern: one elbow, ipsilateral anterior superior iliac spine, contralateral leg and semiflexed position on medial femoral condyle
Free hand grasp: ulnar grasp, can't cross midline, both hands at midline
What percent of the humeral head is in the glenoid fossa? What structure increases this contact to 75 degrees?
25-30%
Glenoid labrum
Although hip rotators are small in size and not very powerful, what are they important for?
In controlling internal rotation eccentrically
What is the benefit of proper sequencing and timing in a kinetic chain? The shortcoming of improper sequencing and timing in a kinetic chain? Provide examples of each.
Benefits of proper sequencing and timing: greater energy and less effort for the same energy (e.g. throwing, lifting)
Shortcoming of improper sequence and timing: loss of energy, more effort for the same energy (e.g. throwing while kneeling down)
Which forearm flexors do NOT attach at the common flexor tendon?
Pronator quadratus, flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus
What actions and movements occur at the 6 month stage?
Support on both hands (with open hands, no finger flexion or shoulder internal rotation), loading on thighs, radial grasp, chest breathing and turning from supine to prone
What muscles dynamically keep the humeral head centered in the glenoid fossa within 1-2 mm (centration)?
Rotator cuff muscles, long head of biceps brachii and deltoid
What are the associated structures of the extensor retinaculum?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius
What are the proximal and distal attachments, actions, innervation and blood supply of the biceps brachii short and long head?
Proximal attachment: coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
Distal attachment: radial tuberosity
Actions: abduction and flexion of the glenohumeral joint, flexion at the elbow and supination of forearm (both heads)
Innervation: musculocutaneous (both heads)
Blood supply: brachial (both heads)
Name 5 wrist extensors and 2 radial deviators
Wrist extensors: extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi
Radial deviators: extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis, flexor carpi radialis
What are the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint coupling for the mobile right arm and stable left arm?
Mobile right arm: internal rotation, flexion, adduction
Stable left arm: external rotation, extension, abduction
Describe the importance of the 2 active stabilizer muscle groups in providing shoulder stability
Rotator cuff muscles: limits upward translation by appplying force downwardly and medially to compress the humerus into the glenoid and aids in abduction
Scapula stabilizers: helps scapula upwardly rotate (abduction) to prevent the humerus hitting the glenoid
Is a two foot countermovement jump an open or closed kinetic chain? Could it be both? Explain.
A closed kinetic chain until knee and hip extension. You may think it is an open kinetic chain because when you leave the ground, the distal aspect is no longer fixed. That is true, but you are no longer generating force. So, during the propulsion phase of the vertical jump, it is a closed kinetic chain.
In anatomy train's tensegrity, movements have 2 main characteristics. What are they and explain.
Maximally efficient: tensional forces transmit themselves over the shortest distance between points (apply force with lowest effort)
Strain distributers: combination of tension and compression that work in opposite directions (e.g. during landing, ground force is transmitted throughout the body)
Name all of the 8 forearm flexors organized in 3 layers
Superficial layer: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate layer: flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep layer: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus