Particles
Atomic Models
Bonding
More Bonding
Miscellaneous
100
It has a negative charge.
electron
100
The oldest and simplest model
"billiard ball" (a solid ball)
100
These take part in bonding.
outer electrons
100
How many more electrons does it need?
two
100
An atom with a non-zero net charge
ion
200
It has a positive charge.
proton
200
The most accurate model
electron cloud
200
These are stronger than single or double bonds.
triple bonds
200
How many electrons will it give?
two
200
Repeating at intervals
periodic
300
The atomic number will tell you how many there are.
protons
300
Inaccurate and not used anymore
Plum Pudding model
300
Stable?
No!
300
Which is probably the most stable?
MgCl
MgCl2
Mg2Cl
Here are dot models to help you:
MgCl2
(Magnesium can give two electrons, which will fill the outer energy levels of two Chlorine atoms)
300
What the dots represent:
outer electrons
400
A "packet" of light energy.
photon
400
Alpha particle experiments led to this model that is mostly empty space
Rutherford model
400
O = O
How many electrons are being shared?
four
400
Which is most likely?
AlF
AlF2
AlF3
Here are dot models to help you:
AlF3
This is a naturally-occurring mineral.
400
These elements don't react with anything
Noble gases (last column of the periodic table)
500
It has no charge.
neutron
500
Gave Bohr the idea of energy levels
emission spectra
500
How many bonds would it form?
four
500
Quartz (the main mineral component in sand) is made of silicon and oxygen. What formula does it probably have?
SiO
Si2O
SiO2
Here are dot models to help you:
SiO2
Each silicon needs four additional electrons to be stable.
Each oxygen needs two additional electrons to be stable.
500
How strongly an atom attracts electrons
electronegativity