Attributions and Attitudes
What is the Tri-Component of Attitudes also known as?
The ABC model
A-affective
B-behavioural
C-cognitive
Define cognitive dissonance
The psychological discomfort when ones behaviours do not match their beliefs/feelings.
Why do we use/develop stereotypes?
To assist in navigating social interactions.
Prejudice is an _________ while discrimination is the _____________ that occurs as a result.
1. (overall) attitude
2. behaviour
What decade was the experiment conducted in?
The 70's
Define Attribution Theory
How we explain our own and others behaviours and events that occur
What was Alaska's cognitive dissonance example for herself on Thursday?
She thinks the dairy industry is pretty yucky, but she eats CHEESE (yum)
What is a stereoptype?
beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group.
Whats an example of equality of status?
- equal pay
- equal work
- voting rights
What were 2 ethical considerations that were not followed in the SPE?
- informed consent
- withdrawal rights
- Avoid injury
- autonomy (respect)
- weighing risks/benefits
Outline one limitation of the tri-component model of attitudes
- Inconsistency between internal (cognitive/affective) and behaviours exhibited
- Doesn't show how strong the attitude is.
Explain how our interpretation of internal and external factors contribute to the actor - observer bias.
The actor (ourselves) tends to "blame" external factors when explaining our own experiences, but blame internal factors, like someone's personality, when explaining someone else's behaviours.
What is a stereotypes main limitation?
They are often inaccurate.
What are common characteristics commonly subject to societal prejudice? Name at least 3
- age
- race
- religion
- gender
- sexual orientation
- income
- disability
- other
How where the roles assigned?
Randomly (coin toss/random selection)
"Ally doesn't like going to the city on the weekends, she thinks that too many people get drunk and end up in fights. As a consequence, Sophie avoids going to the city on the weekends." - Identify the affective, behavioural and cognitive components Ally is exhibiting.
Affective - she doesn't like drunk people and violence.
Behavioural - she doesn't go to the city on weekends
Cognitive - She believes if she goes she will be surrounded by drunk and violent people, putting herself in danger.
"That person was driving so slow, I had to toot my horn aggressively, they were being stupid"
This person says when confronted about aggressive behaviour without much warning, despite identifying as someone who is kind to others. What reduction strategy are they using?
Justification.
What is the Halo Effect?
A cognitive bias where a positive impression of a person, brand, or product in one area influences how we judge their other, unrelated traits, like intelligence.
What is sustained contact?
A reduction strategy for reducing prejudice, where members of opposing groups spend time together and cooperate to achieve a goal.
What does the Stanford prison experiment teach us about environment? (using psychology terminology in regards to attribution perhaps?...)
"As he got older, Oscar had to choose between playing cricket and basketball. Oscar decided to give up cricket. Oscar prefers playing basketball because the games are shorter and more of his friends play it." Identify the affective, behavioural and cognitive components Oscar is exhibiting.
Affective - he likes basketball and his friends
Behavioural - he chose basketball
Cognitive - he believes he will have more fun with his friends and it'll take up less time.
When we use any reduction strategies for cognitive dissonance, what kind of biases are we using?
Cognitive.
What is the effect of stereotypes on people?
It robs people of their individual identity and never looks at the bigger picture.
What is Mutual interdependence?
Members of a group are reliant on each other to achieve a personals goals.
Who is John Wayne?
Big bad guy (supposedly)
Actor who plays big bad guy.