Whose
Seminal case creating two-part test for ineffective assistance of counsel claims, placing burden on defendants to demonstrate prejudicially below "objective standard of reasonableness" representation from counsel, further expanding Gideon.
Strickland v. Washington
A form of compensation in which an attorney is paid a given amount of money per hour worked on a case.
Hourly rate
A private attorney who contracts with a city, county, or state government to provide indigent defense representation.
Contract counsel
The final outcome of a legal case.
Disposition
A document issued by a judicial officer giving law enforcement permission to arrest or search and seize.
Warrant
An attorney who takes over the representation of a defendant when there is a conflict of interest.
Conflict counsel
Grand jury initiates criminal proceeding by anonymously voting if there's sufficient evidence to bring formal charges against the accused.
A "problem-solving court" as an alternative to punitive criminal courts to treat root causes of criminal conduct.
Specialty court
Seminal case extending fundamental right to appointed counsel to all cases where there is a possibility of a jail sentence, further expanding Gideon.
Argersinger v. Hamlin
An attorney who works on behalf of the government to handle criminal cases under reduced-hours, often hired through a firm.
Part-time prosecutor
Defendant is not held in jail/prison when they appear in court for their court appearances related to their crime.
Out-of-custody
A government-funded attorney, chosen by voters, who manages an indigent defense office.
Elected Public Defender
The court with jurisdiction over violations of local laws that occur within a locality.
Local court
Altnerative, holistic pre-trial options for defendants besides incarceration to keep defendants out of the criminal system.
Diversion
When the defendant changes their initial answer to the criminal charge brought against them.
Change of plea
The payment attorneys receive in exchange for providing legal services.
Compensation
Restrictions placed on defendant if they are released from custody pending trial.
Release conditions
Constitutional amendment that requires states provide all citizens and those subjected to their jurisdiction equal protection under the law.
Fourteenth Amendment
The highest tribunal in a state, which acts as the final arbiter of law and serves as court of last resort for judicial review.
State Supreme Court
Phase after the defendant is convicted if the defendant fails to meet the conditions of their conviction or plea.
Post-adjudication
Constitutional requirement that certain procedures be followed before the government can take away a person's life, liberty, or property.
Due process
When an attorney or an attorney's investigator conducts their own independent inquiry into the facts of a case, generally by interviewing witnesses, visiting the crime scene, collecting physical or digital evidence, or requesting public records.
Process in which a defendant is informed of their constitutional protections that typically occurs at the defendant's initial appearance or arraignment.
Advisement of rights
Seminal case expanding the right to counsel to guarantee effective assistance of counsel for the first appeal.
Evitts v. Lucey
When a defendant voluntarily relinquishes rights guaranteed to them by constitutions, statutes, and caselaw.