Survival & Fire
Fire, Shelter, Water, Food
General vegetation zones that share characteristics
The snow that collects on trees
Qali
Animals that can walk on the surface of the snow
"floaters" e.g. lynx, snowshoe hare, ruffed grouse, ptarmigan
Species that hibernates
chipmunk, skunk, ground hog, ground squirrels, (not bears)
The most important thing to do before you head out
tell someone your plan (where you're going, when you'll return, what to do if not back on time)
The temperature at which water is the most dense
4 degrees C
The crystalline snow later at the ground-snow interface
Pukak
Animals that walk through the snow
"waders" e.g. deer (who struggle), and moose (who post-hole)
mice, voles, shrews, lemmings
The most reliable fire starter in bad weather conditions
What happens to the solubility of oxygen in water as the temperature goes up
solubility of oxygen goes down
Subnivean
Produced by animals like wood frogs and certain insects to survive over winter
Antifreeze
Animals that take advantage of the pukak layer to hunt prey
fox, coyote, weasel
The 3 sides of the Triangle of Fire
Heat, Oxygen, Fuel
The 4 special properties of water
-good solvent
-stores heat
-attractive forces
-expands when cold
When snow has the best ability to insulate
Light and fluffy
Happens with an animal's body during hibernation
enters state of low metabolic activity
(low body temperature, slowed heart rate and breathing rate)
The temperature the pukak level stays at during the coldest of winter days
-1 to -2 degrees C (regardless of air temperature)
The size of tinder
-pencil lead thickness
-thumb to pinky length
The 3 vertical zones of a lake
-epilimnion
-thermocline
-hypolimnion
Animals that have adapted to snow and are limited to areas with long, cold winters
Chionophiles
Common strategy for insects to survive the winter
Adapt their lifecycle (larval stage over winter)
The 3 critical periods during the cold season when animals experience a lot of die-off
-before permanent snow in winter
-January thaw or midwinter thaw
-spring thaw