Washington’s Presidency
List the New Republic presidents in order.
Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
Federalists: founder, support base, beliefs
Hamilton; merchants & industry; strong federal gov’t
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
Land bought from France — doubled U.S. size
Define Free Enterprise & list 5 characteristics.
Private property, profit motive, competition, voluntary exchange, limited gov’t
Marbury v. Madison ruling?
Judicial Review — courts decide constitutionality
What were 2 causes of the War of 1812?
Impressment & interference with trade/Native support
What was the Whiskey Rebellion & how did Washington respond?
Farmers rebelled against whiskey tax; Washington sent troops → proved strength of new gov’t
Democratic-Republicans: founder, support base, beliefs
Jefferson; farmers & the South; states’ rights
Purpose & effect of acquiring Louisiana?
Control Mississippi River/New Orleans; westward expansion
Purpose of a protective tariff?
Help American industry by taxing imports
Gibbons v. Ogden ruling?
Federal gov’t controls interstate commerce
Who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner? Why important?
Francis Scott Key — became national anthem
Describe Hamilton’s Financial Plan.
Pay debts, create National Bank, tariffs, whiskey tax
What was the XYZ Affair?
France demanded bribes → U.S. angry, increased nationalism
What was the National Road for?
Transportation for westward movement & trade
Compare mercantilism vs. free enterprise.
Mercantilism: colonies exist for mother country; Free enterprise: individuals choose economy
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling?
Federal power > state power; National Bank constitutional
Describe the Era of Good Feelings.
Nationalism & one-party unity after War of 1812
What was Washington’s stance on foreign affairs?
Neutrality — avoid alliances (Proclamation of Neutrality & Farewell Address)
What were the Alien & Sedition Acts?
Punished critics/immigrants → violated rights
Describe the Embargo Act.
Stopped trade → hurt U.S. economy
Define supply & demand.
Price changes when supply or demand changes
Who is John Marshall?
Chief Justice — strengthened federal power
What agreement gave Florida to the U.S.?
Adams-Onís Treaty (U.S./Spain border set)
What economic issue did Washington face as president?
National war debt
Judiciary Act of 1789 + Fugitive Slave Act: effect?
Set up federal courts; required return of escaped enslaved people
How did the U.S. expand during Jefferson’s presidency?
Exploration (Lewis & Clark), Louisiana Purchase
How did the Embargo Act & War of 1812 affect the economy?
Led to industrial growth in the U.S.
Overall impact of Marshall Court decisions?
Increased power of the federal gov’t & Supreme Court
Explain the Monroe Doctrine & link to isolationism.
No new European colonies; U.S. stays out of Europe → example of isolationist policy