First trimester
What lab hormone confirms pregnancy?
hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)
What test is used between 24–28 weeks to screen for gestational diabetes?
1-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
Which BP value indicates severe preeclampsia?
≥160/110 mmHg
What term describes >5 contractions in 10 minutes?
Tachysystole
What is the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony
What does the APGAR score assess?
Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with neural tube defects if not supplemented during the first trimester?
Folic acid deficiency
At approximately what week do most pregnant people begin to feel fetal movement (“quickening”)?
Around 16–20 weeks
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with painless bright red bleeding at 32 weeks gestation?
Do not perform vaginal exam; assess fetal heart tones and prepare for possible previa
Why must fetal heart tones be assessed immediately after artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)?
To check for cord prolapse and fetal distress
How long does lochia rubra typically last postpartum
1–3 days
What newborn intervention prevents evaporative heat loss immediately after birth?
Drying and placing skin-to-skin with the mother
A first-trimester patient has persistent vomiting and >5% weight loss. What condition do you suspect?
Hyperemesis gravidarum
What lab value indicates possible iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy?
Hgb < 11 g/dL
What is a normal daily fetal movement pattern in the third trimester?
At least 10 movements in 2 hours
What intervention can reduce late decelerations during labor?
Maternal repositioning; stop oxytocin; oxygen; IV fluids
What are the “4 Ts” used to assess the cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin
What vaccine is given to the newborn within 12 hours if the parent is HBsAg positive?
Hepatitis B + HBIG
List one risk factor for an ectopic pregnancy.
History of PID, tubal surgery, IUD use, or smoking
What risk does poorly controlled gestational diabetes pose to the fetus?
Macrosomia, hypoglycemia, neural tube defects
What life-threatening fetal condition occurs when umbilical vessels cross the cervical os?
Vasa previa
What is Leopold’s maneuver used to assess?
Fetal position and presentation
Name two signs of postpartum endometritis
Fever, foul-smelling discharge, uterine tenderness
Which newborn reflex disappears around 3–4 months of age?
Moro/startle reflex
Scenario: 8-week pregnant patient presents with one-sided pelvic pain and spotting. What is your priority action?
Assess for ectopic pregnancy and notify the provider immediately.
Scenario: You’re caring for a 26-week patient with abnormal 1-hour GTT results. What’s the next diagnostic step?
Order a 3-hour GTT
Scenario: A 37-week patient reports headache, RUQ pain, and visual changes. What condition is suspected?
Preeclampsia with severe features
Scenario: FHR shows late decelerations with absent variability. What condition is most likely occurring?
Uteroplacental insufficiency
Scenario: Postpartum patient with a boggy fundus and heavy bleeding unresponsive to massage. What’s next?
Administer uterotonic medications (e.g., oxytocin, misoprostol, carboprost)
Scenario: A newborn presents with nasal flaring, grunting, and retractions. What condition is suspected?
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)