Primary sources
This queen of Troy is the first mortal character to speak in Euripides' Trojan Women.
Who is Hecuba?
Though often known for her romantic relationships, this queen of Egypt was the last Ptolemaic ruler of the country and only member of the royal family to learn and use the Egyptian language.
Who was Cleopatra VII?
Often considered one of the great masterpieces of Etruscan art, this artifact depicts a reclining couple.
What is the Sarcophagus of the Spouses?
This Latin term describes the power held by the paterfamilias over all members of his familia.
What is the patria potestas?
Literally meaning "going upwards," this day was the first of the festival of the Thesmophoria.
What was the Anodos?
Born on the island of Lesbos, this famous poet was acclaimed as "the Tenth Muse" for her lyric poetry.
Who was Sappho?
In Euripides' Trojan Women, this character bewails the fact that she has behaved according to social norms all her life, only for her outstanding reputation to lead to her enslavement by the man who killed her husband.
Who is Andromache?
These artifacts could be used to exact revenge on one's enemies, bind others in a romantic relationship, or find redress for petty grievances.
What were curse tablets?
Formally promulgated in 449 BCE, this legislation was the foundation of the Roman legal system.
What were the Twelve Tables?
What are the Amazons?
At the end of Aristophanes' Lysistrata, the Athenian and Spartan men are persuaded to make peace in part due to the appearance of this personified goddess.
Who is Reconciliation?
Sometimes known by their father's name, these sisters committed suicide after Neobule was mocked by Archilochus in his iambic poetry.
Who were the daughters of Lycambes?
This shape of vessel was primarily used by Greek women to hold cosmetics, trinkets, or jewelry.
What is a pyxis?
This practice was outlawed by the Athenian lawmaker Solon in the 6th century BCE in order to ease tensions stemming from social inequality.
What was debt slavery?
Lysistrata proclaimed that she played a bear when a young girl at this festival.
What is the Brauronia?
Lysias wrote a speech defending this man on the charge of the premeditated murder of his wife's lover.
Who was Euphiletos?
These women were chosen before puberty to serve in a religious capacity and sworn to celibacy for a period of 30 years.
Who were the Vestal Virgins?
Excavated from the palace of Knossos, this heavily reconstructed artwork depicts three women in festive attire.
What is the Blue Ladies fresco?
What is dominica potestas?
Who were the Sabine Women?
In Homer's Odyssey, the hero turns down the opportunity to engage in a matrilocal marriage with this mortal princess.
Who is Nausicaa?
One of the most important women in 5th century Athens, this hetaira was involved with the prominent statesman Pericles.
Who was Aspasia?
Dating from the 1600s BCE in Mesopotamia, this tablet freed those enslaved due to debts incurred following an agricultural crisis.
What is the edict of Ammisaduga?
Some slaves in Roman society were permitted to buy property on behalf of their masters using resources from this legal account.
What is a peculium?
Women given this title were idealized in Roman society for only having married once in their lifetimes.
What is univira?