Menstrual Cycle & Amenorrhea
The average age when menstruation begins.
What is about 12.4 years?
Hormone responsible for painful uterine contractions.
What is prostaglandin?
When PMS symptoms typically occur in the cycle.
What is 1–2 weeks before menstruation?
Condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
What is endometriosis?
Definition of menopause.
What is no menstruation for 12 months?
The common symptom feels like lumpiness or tenderness before and during menstruation.
What is fibrocystic breast change?
The normal length range of a menstrual cycle.
What is 21 to 34 days?
Type of dysmenorrhea with no underlying disease.
What is primary dysmenorrhea?
A common emotional symptom of PMS.
What is irritability, anxiety, or depression?
Classic cyst found in endometriosis.
What are “chocolate cysts”?
Average age of menopause.
What is about 51 years?
Which finding is considered an early sign of breast cancer?
What is a painless lump, nipple changes, skin changes, Peau d'orange, or lymph node swelling?
The most important cause to rule out in secondary amenorrhea.
What is pregnancy?
Painful periods starting after age 25 due to conditions like fibroids.
What is secondary dysmenorrhea?
First-line medication for severe PMS or PMDD.
What are SSRIs?
Most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding.
What is anovulation?
Term for vaginal dryness and urinary symptoms in menopause.
What is Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)?
This diagnostic procedure uses a hollow needle to remove a small sample of breast tissue for analysis.
What is a core needle biopsy?
Type of amenorrhea caused by stress, low body fat, or excessive exercise.
What is hypogonadotropic amenorrhea?
First-line medication used for menstrual cramps.
What are NSAIDs (like ibuprofen)?
Daily supplement dose shown to help PMS symptoms.
What is calcium 1200 mg/day?
Medication used to reduce heavy bleeding in AUB.
What is tranexamic acid?
Most common vasomotor symptoms.
What are hot flashes and night sweats?
Gold standard screening test for breast cancer.
What is mammography?
A girl has no period by age 15 or 5 years after breast development.
What is primary amenorrhea?
Non-pharmacologic treatment that improves blood flow and reduces cramping.
What is exercise (or heat therapy)?
Recommended strategy to identify PMS triggers.
What is keeping a symptom diary for 2–3 cycles?
Surgical option that removes fibroids but preserves fertility.
What is a myomectomy?
Two major long-term health risks after menopause.
What are osteoporosis and heart disease?
Gene mutations strongly linked to breast cancer risk.
What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?