Wood Defects
A crack that occurs across annual/growth rings
Split
The size of the wood as it is called, or cut out of the try.
nominal
All hardwoods are sized and ordered by this number combination
in quarters
What is the living layer of cells in a tree called which transports water, gases and nutrients?
The Cambium
Most trees that are labeled as hardwood trees can be labeled as this
Deciduous
Created by branch growth from inside towards outside of tree
knot
The size of the finished board, after drying and surfaced
actual
This method of cutting is the least expensive, least amount of waste, leave a cathedral appearance from the growth rings, and is more susceptible to cupping.
Plain sawn
The annual/or growth rings of a tree, are formed how?
By the growing seasons, denoted as spring and summer, form annular growth of cells.
Most trees that are considered softwood trees are know as this
Evergreen
A crack that runs along/between growth rings, also known as wind shake
check
Boards and planks, are sized by these nominal call outs
1x , 2x, 3x and 4x
This method of cutting has straightest grain on the face of boards, not the edges, and growth rings are between 30-60 degrees to sawn face.
Rift sawn
The cambium produces which two types of cells?
Xylem and Phloem
A measurement of a volume of wood
Board foot
A rounded edge of a board, remaining bark
wane
Timbers are nominally called out in this size
6x and above
This method of cutting has growth rings 60-90 degrees on face of sawn board, with straight grain on all four sides of board. This method has the most flecking, or figuring of boards.
quarter sawn
Fresh made "wood" from xylem cells is called
Sapwood
How many board feet are found in a board that nominally is called out as 2" x 6" x 8'
8 board feet
Name all four types of warps
Crook, bow, twist,cup
All boards and planks have this performed, however they can be ordered rough
s4s-surfaced four sides
Open grain woods, as found in many hardwoods, allow what
Even absorption of water, stains and dyes.
Old, compressed and dried out sapwood is called
Heartwood
12/4 x 4" x 8' is how many board feet
8 board feet