Motivation
An internal state that arouses, directs and mainstreams behavior
What is motivation
A set of needs ranging from lower-level needs for survival and safety to higher-level needs for knowledge and understanding and finally self-actualization
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What an individual strives to accomplish
What is a goal
How individuals explanation, justification and excuses influence their motivation and behaviors
What is attribution theories
General uneasiness, a feeling of tension
What is anxiety
Motivation associated with activities that are their own reward
What is intrinsic motivation
The desire to have our own wishes, rather than external rewards or pressures determine our actions
What is need for autonomy
Patterns of beliefs about goal related to achievement in school
What is goal orientations
Students who believe their failures are due to low ability and there is little they can do about it
What is failure-accepting students
The two types of interests
Personal (individual) and situational
Motivation created by external factors such as rewards and punishments
What is extrinsic motivation
The individuals needs to demonstrate ability or mastery over the tasks at hand
What is need for competence
Four main goal orientations
What is mastery, performance, work-avoidance, and social
The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one's efforts will lead to failure
What is learned helplessness
A mental state in which you are fully immersed in a challenging task that is accompanied by high level of concentration and involvement
What is flow
The five general approaches to motivation
What is Behavorial, Humanistic, Cognitive, Social Cognitive, and Sociocultural
Suggested that events affect modification throughout the individual's perception of the events as controlling behaviours or providing information
What is cognitive evaluation theory
A personal intention to seem competent or person well in the eyes of others
What is performance goal
Students may engage in behaviors that block their own success in order to avoid testing their true abilities
What is self-handicapping
Physical and psychological reactions causing a person to feel alert, attentive, wide awake, excited or tense
What is arousal
Perspectives that emphasize participation, identities and interpersonal relations within communities of practice
What is Sociocultural views of motivation
Fulfilling one's potential
What is self-actualization
A wide variety of needs and motives to be connected to others or part of a group
What is social goals
Students who focus on learning goals because they value achievement and see ability as improvable
What is mastery-oriented students
Situational interested triggered → situational interest maintained → emerging individual interest → well-developed individual interest
Four phase model of interest development