Basic Overview
What is Working Memory?
The brain system that provides temporary holding and processing of information to accomplish complex cognitive tasks.
What is cognitive load?
The volume of cognitive resources necessary to complete a task?
At what age are all components of working memory in place?
Age 4
What is maintenance rehearsal?
The repeating of info in your phonological loop or refreshing info in your visuo-spatial sketchpad.
What is short-term memory?
A component of the memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds.
What is the central executive?
The part of the working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources.
What is a Intrinsic Cognitive load?
The resources required by the task itself, regardless of other stimuli.
What are the three basic aspects of memory improved over time?
Memory span or the amount of info that can be held in working memory, memory processing efficiency, and the speed of processing.
What is Elaborative rehearsal?
keeping information in working memory by associating it with something else you already know.
How long is the duration of info?
No more than 20 seconds
The process that brings together and integrates info from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory under the supervision of the central executive.
What is extraneous cognitive load?
The resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to the task.
Why do younger children remember less than older children?
Younger children rely more on verbatim encoding than on gist meaning encoding.
Give 1 example of Maintenance rehearsal.
Ex: Remembering a phone number or a location on a map
What is chunking?
Grouping individual bits of data into meaningful, larger units.
What is Viso-spatial sketchpad?
The part holding system part of the working memory in charge of visual, tactile, and spatial information.
What causes an intrinsic cognitive load?
caused by the inherent complexity of a task and affected by students relative knowledge or lack of knowledge.
working memory is a good predictor of range of cognitive skills that includes __________?
language understanding, reading and mathematics abilities, and fluid intelligence.
Give 1 example of elaborative rehearsal.
Ex: Meeting someone at a party who has the same name as your brother.
What is interference?
The process that occurs when remembering certain info is hampered by the presence of other info.
What is Phonological loop?
A part of working memory, perception of words, sounds, music, lip reading, etc
What causes an extraneous cognitive load?
Caused by poor learning strategies, divvied attention, and distractibility, poor instruction, and or inadequate background knowledge.
At what age do children discover rehearsal?
Ages 5-6.
What are the levels of processing theory?
A theory that recalls information that is based on how deeply it is processed.
What is the capacity of working memory?
Limited to 5-7 bits of info or what you can repeat to yourself in 1.5 to 2 seconds.