Baddeley & Hitch's Model
This is the component of working memory responsible for decision-making and directing attention
What is the central executive?
This is the where similar sounding items are harder to remember
What is the phonological similarity effect?
This part handles information about what things look like
What is the visual component?
The central executive is like this job in a company
What is a manager or boss?
This is the average number of items people can store in short term memory
What is 7 (plus or minus 2)?
This is the part of working memory that stores speech-based info and is involved in rehearsing it
What is the phonological loop?
When long words are harder to recall than short words
What is the word length effect?
This part manages where things are in space
What is the spatial component?
The executive's job includes switching attention which is called...
What is task-switching or cognitive flexibility?
These meaningful units help us remember more info at once
What is chunking?
The component that helps us visualize objects and navigate through space
What is the visuospatial sketchpad?
Saying something like "la la la" to block rehearsal shows this effect
What is articulatory suppression?
This task shows the sketchpad in action when you mentally rotate an object
What is mental rotation?
People with damage to this brain area struggle with executive function
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This task combines storage and processing to measure working memory
What is an operation span task or complex span task?
Baddeley later added this part of the model because (1) central executive could not store info, and (2) to explain integration across systems and long-term memory
What is the episodic buffer?
This is the loop involved in learning new vocabulary and language
What is the phonological loop?
This condition shows that people can still perform well in sketchpad tasks even with phonological loop suppression
What is dual-task coordination?
The test often used to assess executive control in kids (ex: saying "day" for night)
What is the Stroop task or day-night task?
High working memory capacity helps resist this kind of distracting info
What is irrelevant or intrusive info?
Name the three original components of Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model
What are the central executive, phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad?
Name the two components that the phonological loop is made up of
What are the phonological store and the articulatory control process?
This experiment had people track a moving light while remembering a visual pattern
What is the Brooks (1967) experiment?
This effect is reduced when executive resources are depleted
What is inhibition?
Working memory compacity is strongly linked to this broader ability
What is fluid intelligence or general intelligence?