Measurement, Observations and Inferences
Variables
Scientific Method
Drawing graphs
Errors and good results
100
What is an observation?
Something that is observed using the senses of the body. E.g Sight, Smell, Hear, etc.
100
What is a dependent variable?
The one that we are testing, it relies on how we control the independent variable
100
What is a hypothesis?
A generalised statement that a scientist can test
100
Which variable goes on the horizontal axis?
The independent variable
100
What is a random error?
A non-reproducible result that doesn't make sense.
200
What is an inference?
A thought that explains an observation.
200
What is an independent variable?
The variable we control
200
What is an experiment?
A scientific test
200
What should be at the top of your graph?
The title
200
What is a systematic error?
A result caused by the design of the experimental system. Results look reproducible and accurate but are all not accurate.
300
What is a qualitative result?
A description in words. E.g colour, smell, feel, etc.
300
What side of the table does the independent variable go on?
The left
300
What is a definition for 'working scientifically'?
Thinking of possible answers to questions, then doing tests to see which answers are correct
300
What axis does the dependent variable go on?
The vertical axis
300
How can we reduce the effect of a random error on our results?
Averaging a large amount of results will reduce the effect.
400
What is a quantitative result?
A description in numbers. E.g 70kg, 55cm, 3.5 seconds, etc.
400
Which axis does the dependent variable go on?
The vertical axis
400
What do you do after writing your conclusion?
What next? Think about how else you can test.
400
What should you do with your graph once you have completed drawing it?
Make predictions
400
Can systematic errors be eliminated by averaging?
No
500
Does objective relate to a qualitative or quantitative result?
Quantitative
500
If variables have a direct relationship what should the graph look like?
It should rise on a signal from bottom left to top right
500
List the scientific method in order.
1. The question 2. A possible answer (hypothesis) 3. The test 4. Record results 5. Thinking again 6. More testing 7. Conclusion 8. What next?
500
List the 7 steps for drawing a graph in order?
1. Draw axes (add arrows) 2. Label axes 3. Scales on axes (even increments) 4. Plot points from table 5. Join dots using line of best fit 6. Add title 7. Make predictions
500
What are the three ways to know if you have good results?
Accuracy, reliability and validity
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