These images are made when ancient carvings oxidize over time and depict a variety of symbols and figures. They can be found in many places around the world.
What are petroglyphs?
As a system for organizing people into levels of power, wealth, or importance, these got increasingly complex and people settled into cities.
What are hierarchies?
These grassy regions, found in what is now Russia and Asia, played a crucial role in the evolution and domestication of horses as we know them.
What are the steppes?
The name for the earliest period of the stone age, characterized by the use of smooth stone tools.
What is Paleolithic?
Bonus: time period?
Get in loser, we're discussing communities, networks, and production and distribution.
What are frames?
An example of these figures are small statuettes with large eyes from Mesopotamia. The large eyes indicate that these figures serve as surrogate worshippers for whoever placed them in the shrine.
What are votive figures?
This is the term for when a family line is traced through the mother, rather than the father.
What is matrilineal?
The birthplace of (some) civilization, this region's name means "between the water."
What is Mesopotamia?
This is the fancy name for pits of stuff that was buried on purpose.
What are foundation or ritual deposits?
This vessel has, like 6/7 different registers!

What is the Warka Vase?

What is the Standard of Ur?
Common in China for millenia, this is the term for a series of powerful leaders from the same family. Also a popular TV soap opera from the 1980's.
What is a dynasty?
When we discuss the region now known as Central and South America and the Caribbean as it existed before European colonization, we use this term.
What is Mesoamerica?
The process, specific to the human species, of sharing and accumulating knowledge over multiple generations and across regions.
What is collective learning?
Fierce hybrid vibes
What is a Lamassu?
This system of writing is named with an ancient word for "wedge-shaped."
What is cuneiform?
Who were foragers/hunter-gatherers?
Harappa and Mahenjo Daro are some of the earliest civilizations and are found in this region.
What is the Indus River Valley?
This technology was probably first developed to keep track of goods and accounts but was later used to record stories like Gilgamesh
What is writing?
TFW you conquer your neighbors and form one of these, but then have to defend your huge borders and a multi-cultural population, yikes!
What is an empire?
These small objects could be worn, but also made detailed impressions in clay when rolled, creating a signature of the wearer.
What are cylinder seals?
Occupational specialization can only occur when a civilization has a __________ of resources.
What is a surplus?
This river flows south to north and floods with clockwork predictability, making it possible to plan a year, and indeed a complete civilization, around it.
What is the Nile river in Egypt?
This is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture, which consists of artifacts and other created objects, architecture, biological and environmental remains, and cultural landscapes.
What is archaeology?
I mean, getting closer to the gods is great, but this structure is so extra.

What is a ziggurat?