ancient mesapotamia
what are the four civilizations of ancient mesopatamia?
Sumer, Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean
what are the 6 Egyptian era's
protodynastic- divided into city-states
old kingdom-Menes unified lower Egypt and established Memphis; it was most successful because out in the middle of desert and didn't have a threat -pyramids of giza
First Intermediate period- fell apart into city states again
Middle Kingdom- invaded by the hyksos
Second Intermediate period- rule of the Hyksos
New kingdom- Nubian rule, Akhenaten
what is the Yangshao society
first civilization on the Yellow River and created irrigation networks and ways to prevent the flooding of the river destroying all of their land and creations
- worlds oldest continous civilizationwho were the dravidians?
established the first civilization a (harrapan society) and had a sewer system
-city states along the indes river valley
The achaemenid dynasty, who were the 3 rulers of it?
Cyrus the great- took over Chaldean empire and Lydia (Oracle of Delphi) capital at the time-Pasargadae
-ended Babylonian Captivity and supported religious freedom
- was multicultural and people were protected from oustide world
Cambyses- took control over Egypt (son of Cyrus)
Darius- son of Cambyses, started the Greek Persian wars capital- Persepholis built a road system with one paved road called the Royal Road
What are the three periods of the Sumerian empire?
Archaic- individual city states until Sargon of Akkad came and unified which brought us to...
Akkadian- Unified all of Mesopotamia under military conquest
Neo-summerian- disbanded into city states
Akhenaten made what illegal in the new kingdom?
worshipping other gods other than the Sun God
what are the three dynasties?
Shang dynasty- first written records (oracle bones)
Zhou dynasty- expanded and lasted over 900 years but biggest threat came from the West
who are the Arayans
started to migrate into the Dravidian society
-spoke sanskrit
- a polytheistic belief in hinduism
who are the Seleucids? How did they come into power?
Alexander took over the Persian empire and split into different groups ruled by different people
- Greek general but was eventually overthrown because they weren't Persian
what was the capital of the Babylonian Empire?
Who was the king at the time and what was in his Code?
the capital was babylon
the king was Hammurabi
his code is the longest lasting text of laws and it includes laws for slavery and law of retaliation (eye for an eye) no prisons
what is the Rosetta Stone
a rock that was discovered in 1700 that has hieroglyphics, erratic, and greek writing and thats how we were able to decode hieroglyphics
What are the 4 books of writing in the Zhou dynasty
book of history-propaganda
book of changes-fortune telling
book of rites-rules of behavior
book of songs/odes/poetry
hinduism? what were the Gods?
Hinduism goes back before pre-illiterate history
o Does not known when it was created
Their gods and goddesses would be called Vedas
Important gods of their religion would be called Krishna, Indra, and Shira
who are the Parthians?
next to rule the much smaller Persian empire
christianity developed in that time
ctesiphon was the capital
The Assyrian empire controlled what?
what was its technological advances?
Almost all of the Fertile Crescent
the wheel, the domesticated horse (wagons), and iron metallurgy
whats the difference between erratic and hieroglyphics?
erratic-everyday writing
hieroglyphics- sacred scripture used for important stuff
What is tian:? Ancestor Veneration?
-heavan and contains all spirits of living things in China
-The belief that your ancestors (their spirits) will look after you if you make them happy (by respecting them and praying for them)
what are the four early Vedic texts
and the three late Vedic texts and what were they written in?
written in sanskirt
early- Rig Vada, Sama Veda, Yujar Veda, Atharva Veda
late- Mahabharrata- 10x longer than the Bible and not translated in English (bhavagad-gita is the only second translated
Upanishad-translated to people gathering around a wise person that passes down information
Ramayana
who are the Sassanids?
They overthrew the Parthians and were in rule for another 400 years
who rules over the Chaldean Empire?
What ancient city did he conquer?
What is the Babylonian captivity?
Nebuchadnezzar
Juda
Threw all jews out of their sacred land, destroyed the temple
what is the bantu migration?
Bantu dominant in sub Saharan africa and spread all the way south
-produces more food and herded livestock (main crop is sweet potato)
-iron metallurgy
-believed in one spirit Nyamba but also believed in intercessory spirits representing nature (mix on mono and polytheism)
What is the mandate of Heaven? and State of Chu?
-authority to govern China was decided by Tian (if there was a natural disaster you were unfit)
-Yangzi river separates china into north and south and the Chu was located along the Yangzi River
the varna Jati system?
1.brahmin
2.kshatriya
3. vaishyas
4.shudras
untouchables-dalit
born into class and is permanent
what is Zoroastroism?
official religion of the Persian empire during the Achaemenid era
-god of good-Aura Mazda
-god of evil- angra mainyu
priests are called magi
has judgment day the same as Christianity